Genome Sequence of
            <i>Citrobacter</i>
            sp. CtB7.12, Isolated from the Gut of the Desert Subterranean Termite
            <i>Heterotermes aureus</i>

Fontes-Perez, Héctor; Olvera-García, Myrna; Chávez‐Martínez, América; Rodríguez-Almeida, Felipe Alonso; Arzola-Alvarez, Claudio; Sánchez-Flores, Alejandro; Corral-Luna, Agustin

doi:10.1128/genomea.01290-15

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Citrobacter has been commonly reported to form associations with a wide variety of insects, including R. ferrugineus (Muhammad et al, 2017; Tagliavia et al, 2014), pine weevils (Hernández‐García et al, 2017), termites (Fontes‐Perez et al, 2015; Upadhyaya et al, 2012), and flies (Cheng et al, 2017). Its occurrence in the intestinal microbiota of insects of differing orders suggests a generalized role in diet supplementation (Meng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cultivable intestinal microbiota in Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and determination of its cellulolytic activity

Calumby

Almeida

Barros

et al. 2022

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus is an agricultural pest that affects various palm crops, including coconut (Cocos nucifera) plantations which are prominent in the economy of Northeastern Brazil. Characterization of the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum, as well as elucidation of aspects related to the biochemistry and physiology of the insect's digestion, is essential for intervention in specific metabolic processes as a form of pest control. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum and investigate its ability to degrade cellulosic substrates, to explore new biological control measures. Intestinal dissection of eight adult R. palmarum insects was performed in a laminar flow chamber, and the intestines were homogenized in sterile phosphate‐buffered saline solution. Subsequently, serial dilution aliquots of these solutions were spread on nutritive agar plates for the isolation of bacteria and fungi. The microorganisms were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and evaluated for their ability to degrade cellulose. Fourteen bacterial genera (Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, Kerstersia, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Staphylococcus) and two fungal genera (Candida and Saccharomyces)—assigned to the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Ascomycota phyla—were identified. The cellulolytic activity was exhibited by six bacterial and one fungal species; of these, Bacillus cereus demonstrated the highest enzyme synthesis (enzymatic index = 4.6). This is the first study characterizing the R. palmarum intestinal microbiota, opening new perspectives for the development of strategies for the biological control of this insect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cultivable intestinal microbiota in Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and determination of its cellulolytic activity

Calumby

Almeida

Barros

et al. 2022

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…Besides the Treponema endosymbionts, several extracellular bacteria previously isolated from termite guts have been shown to have urease enzyme activity, such as Comamonas odontotermitis [71]; or encode operons for urease and their transporters in their genomes including a Citrobacter strain [72], Sporomusa termitida [73], Stenoxybacter acetivorans [74], and several Verrucomicrobia strains [75][76][77][78][79]. Yet, owing to their low abundance relative to the total prokaryotic community and the fact that we did not detect any of these taxa at proportions greater than 0.5% in our ureC gene dataset suggests that ureolysis in the gut lumen by freeswimming bacteria likely does not produce a significant quantity of recycled N for Reticulitermes termites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treponema Endosymbionts are the Dominant Bacterial Members with Ureolytic Potential in the Gut of the Wood-Feeding Termite, Reticulitermes Hesperus

Lin

Huang

Won

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Termites are remarkable for their ability to digest cellulose from wood as their main energy source, but the extremely low nitrogen (N) content of their diet presents a major challenge for N acquisition. Besides the activity of N 2 -fixing bacteria in the gut, the recycling of N from waste products by symbiotic microbes as a complementary N-provisioning mechanism in termites remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a combination of high-throughput amplicon sequencing, quantitative PCR, and cultivation to characterize the microbial community capable of degrading urea, a common waste product, into ammonia in the guts of termites ( Reticulitermes hesperus ) from a wild and laboratory-reared colony. Taxonomic analysis indicated that a majority of the urease ( ureC ) genes in the termite gut (53.0%) matched with a Treponema endosymbiont of gut protists previously found in several other termites, suggesting an important contribution to the nutrition of essential cellulolytic protists. Furthermore, analysis of both the 16S rRNA and ureC amplicons revealed that the laboratory colony had decreased diversity and altered community composition for both prokaryotic and ureolytic microbial communities in the termite gut. Estimation by quantitative PCR showed that microbial ureC genes decreased in abundance in the laboratory-reared colony compared to the wild colony. In addition, most of our cultivated isolates appeared to originate from non-gut environments. Together, our results underscore a more important role for ureolysis by endosymbionts within protists than by free-swimming bacteria in the gut lumen of R. hesperus .

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“…The occurrence of Citrobacter in the gut flora of insects of different orders may suggest its general role in supplementing their diets. Indeed, previous studies have reported that different members of Citrobacter are associated with nitrogen fixation, uric acid recycling, and cellulose degradation in the guts of different insects (Additional file 1: Appendix C) [12, 44–48]. In addition, different members of Citrobacter from soils are commonly associated with other processes of nitrogen metabolism, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut bacteria of weevils developing on plant roots under extreme desert conditions

et al. 2019

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BackgroundMany phytophagous insects, whose diet is generally nitrogen-poor, rely on gut bacteria to compensate for nutritional deficits. Accordingly, we hypothesized that insects in desert environments may evolve associations with gut bacteria to adapt to the extremely low nutrient availability. For this, we conducted a systematic survey of bacterial communities in the guts of weevils developing inside mud chambers affixed to plant roots in the Negev Desert of Israel, based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsOur analyses revealed that gut bacterial communities in weevil larvae were similar across a wide geographical range, but differed significantly from those of the mud chambers and of the surrounding soils. Nevertheless, a high proportion of bacteria (including all of the core bacteria) found in the weevils were also detected in the mud chambers and soils at low relative abundances. The genus Citrobacter (of the Enterobacteriaceae family) was the predominant group in the guts of all individual weevils. The relative abundance of Citrobacter significantly decreased at the pupal and adult stages, while bacterial diversity increased. A mini literature survey revealed that members of the genus Citrobacter are associated with nitrogen fixation, recycling of uric acid nitrogen, and cellulose degradation in different insects.ConclusionsThe results suggest that although weevils could potentially acquire their gut bacteria from the soil, weevil host internal factors, rather than external environmental factors, were more important in shaping their gut bacterial communities, and suggest a major role for Citrobacter in weevil nutrition in this challenging environment. This study highlights the potential involvement of gut bacteria in the adaptation of insects to nutritional deficiencies under extreme desert conditions.

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Genome Sequence of Citrobacter sp. CtB7.12, Isolated from the Gut of the Desert Subterranean Termite Heterotermes aureus

Abstract: The draft genome of Citrobacter sp. CtB7.12, isolated from termite gut, is presented here. This organism has been reported as a cellulolytic bacterium, which is biotechnologically important because it can be used as a gene donor for the ethanol and biofuel industries.

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of cultivable intestinal microbiota in Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and determination of its cellulolytic activity

Characterization of cultivable intestinal microbiota in Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and determination of its cellulolytic activity

Treponema Endosymbionts are the Dominant Bacterial Members with Ureolytic Potential in the Gut of the Wood-Feeding Termite, Reticulitermes Hesperus

Gut bacteria of weevils developing on plant roots under extreme desert conditions

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