Genome sequencing and molecular characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus ST772-MRSA-V, “Bengal Bay Clone”

Abstract

BackgroundThe PVL-positive ST772-MRSA-V is an emerging community-associated (CA-) MRSA clone that has been named Bengal Bay Clone since most patients have epidemiological connections to the Indian subcontinent. It is found increasingly common in other areas of the world.MethodsOne isolate of ST772-MRSA-V was sequenced using the Illumina Genome Analyzer System. After initial assembling the multiple sequence contigs were analysed using different in-house annotation scripts. Results were compared to microarray hybridisation results of clinical isolates of ST772-MRSA-V, of related strains and to another ST772-MRSA-V genome sequence.ResultsAccording to MLST e-burst analysis, ST772-MRSA-V belongs to Clonal Complex (CC)1, differing from ST1 only in one MLST allele (pta-22). However, there are several additional differences including agr alleles (group II rather than III), capsule type (5 rather than 8), the presence of the egc enterotoxin gene cluster and of the enterotoxin homologue ORF CM14 as well as the absence of the enterotoxin H gene seh. Enterotoxin genes sec and sel are present. ST772-MRSA-V harbours the genes encoding enterotoxin A (sea) and PVL (lukS/F-PV). Both are located on the same prophage.ConclusionsST772-MRSA-V may have emerged from the same lineage as globally spread CC1 and CC5 strains. It has acquired a variety of virulence factors, and for a CA-MRSA strain it has an unusually high number of genes associated with antibiotic resistance.

Typing of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-encoding phages carried by methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Italy

“…Blast analysis of ΦSa119 sequence towards Whole Genome Shotgun database revealed 99% identity with a region inside genomes of ST772 isolates from India, Malaysia and Australia, corresponding to a PVL phage named ΦIND772PVL [22]. As observed in ΦIND772PVL and other ST772 PVL phages [22,29], ΦSa119 contains sea, the enterotoxin A gene, located in a region close to the PVL genes. Sequence analysis also revealed 94% nucleotide identity between ΦSa119 and PVL phages found in ST59 isolates, including Φ7247PVL (Genbank accession no.…”

Diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC22-MRSA-IV from Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region

“…This suggests an epidemiological link to the Arabian Gulf, as previously also assumed for other MRSA. 35 rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein 11,34 11,34 aacA-aphD Bifunctional enzyme Aac/Aph, 6 0 -aminoglycoside Nacetyltransferase/2 00 -aminoglycoside phosphotransferase; gentamicin and tobramycin resistance 11,34 11,34 aadD Aminoglycoside adenyltransferase, tobramycin resistance 11,34 11,34 dfrA Dihydrofolate reductase, mediates trimethoprim resistance 11,34 11,34 lukF/S-PV Panton-Valentine leukocidin 11,34 11,34 tst1 Toxic shock syndrome toxin 11,34 11,34 sec+sel Enterotoxins C and L 11,34 11,34 egc cluster Enterotoxin gene cluster (comprising seg, sei sem, sen, seo, seu) 11,34 11,34 sak, chp, scn Staphylokinase, chemotaxis-inhibiting protein, staphyl. complement inhibitor 11,34 11,34 eta, etb, etd Exfoliative toxins 11,34 11,34 ACME Arginine catabolic mobile element 11,34 11,34 fnbB Fibronectin binding protein B, variably detected in CC22 because it is in some strains fused with fnbA 11, 34 11,34 cna, sasG Collagen adhesin; Staphylococcus aureus surface protein G (present in CC22) 11,34 11,34 In conclusion, 'true' UK-EMRSA-15/Barnim EMRSA was not identified from KSA, with all tested CC22-MRSA-IV differing either in toxin carriage and/or in SCCmec subtype.…”

Diversity of bacteriophages encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin in temporally and geographically related Staphylococcus aureus

“…MSSA isolates W17S and K25S were colonizing isolates from remote WA communities [14]. ST772-V was previously sequenced [23]. MW2 (Genbank: BA000033) was used as a lukSF-PV gene-sequencing and prophage induction control.…”

“…ϕSa2wa-st772, which has previously been predicted to be a recombinant bacteriophage [23] had a regulation region that was somewhat different. The intergenic region was between int and a different HP ORF (exemplified by YP_00910342) transcribed on the same strand.…”