Genome-wide association studies of 74 plasma metabolites of German shepherd dogs reveal two metabolites associated with genes encoding their enzymes

Soh, Pamela Xing Yi; Cely, Juliana Maria Marin; Mortlock, Sally; Jara, Christopher James; Booth, Rachel; Natera, Siria; Roessner, Ute; Crossett, Ben; Cordwell, Stuart J.; Khatkar, Mehar S.; Williamson, Peter

doi:10.1007/s11306-019-1586-2

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…In general, the efficacy of population genetic studies is dependent on the sample size as well as on the number and type of the chosen markers. Although dwarfed by the existing 170k arrays for dogs (6,17,18), the 1319 diagnostic neutral SNPs used in the study have previously been successfully used in detecting dog population structure as well as inferring their genetic relationships (9,10). In more detail, as the distance between the markers is known, the 1319 SNPs were successfully used for an r 2 based estimation of the historical effective population sizes of the Finnish and Nordic Spitz (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

Lampi

Donner

Anderson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Discrete breed ideals are not restricted to delimiting dog breeds from another, but also are key drivers of subpopulation differentiation. As genetic differentiation due to population fragmentation results in increased rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, detecting and alleviating the reasons of population fragmentation can provide effective tools for the maintenance of healthy dog breeds. Results: Using a genome wide SNP array, we detected genetic differentiation to subpopulations in six breeds, Belgian Shepherd, English Greyhound, Finnish Lapphund, Italian Greyhound, Labrador Retriever and Shetland Sheepdog, either due to geographical isolation or as a result of differential breeding strategies. The subpopulation differentiation was strongest in show dog lineages.Conclusions: Besides geographical differentiation caused by founder effect and lack of gene flow, selection on champion looks or restricted pedigrees is a strong driver of population fragmentation. Artificial barriers for gene flow between the different subpopulations should be recognized, their necessity evaluated critically and perhaps abolished in order to maintain genetic diversity within a breed. Subpopulation differentiation might also result in false positive signals in genome-wide association studies of different traits.Lay summary: Purebred dogs are, by definition, reproductively isolated from other breeds. However, similar isolation can also occur within a breed due to conflicting breeder ideals and geographic distances between the dog populations. We show here that both of these examples can contribute to breed division, with subsequent loss of genetic variation in the resulting breed lineages. Breeders should avoid creating unnecessary boundaries between breed lineages and facilitate the exchange of dogs between countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

Lampi

Donner

Anderson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This restrictive breeding is evident also in the CLUSTER and F ST analysis ( Figure 3D In general, the efficacy of population genetic studies is dependent on the sample size as well as on the number and type of the chosen markers. Although dwarfed by the existing 170k arrays for dogs (6,14,15), the 1319 diagnostic neutral SNPs used in the study have previously been successfully used in detecting dog population structure as well as inferring their genetic relationships (9,10). In more detail, as the distance between the markers is known, the 1319 SNPs were successfully used for an r 2 based estimation of the historical effective population sizes of the Finnish and Nordic Spitz (9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential breeding practices drive subpopulation differentiation and contribute to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

Lampi¹,

Donner²,

Anderson³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Discrete breed ideals are not restricted to delimiting dog breeds from another, but also are key drivers of subpopulation differentiation. As genetic differentiation due to population fragmentation results in increased rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, detecting and alleviating the reasons of population fragmentation can provide effective tools for the maintenance of healthy dog breeds. Results Using a genome wide SNP array, we detected genetic differentiation to subpopulations in six breeds, Belgian Shepherd, English Greyhound, Finnish Lapphund, Italian Greyhound, Labrador Retriever and Shetland Sheepdog, either due to geographical isolation or as a result of differential breeding strategies. The subpopulation differentiation was strongest in show dog lineages. Conclusions Besides geographical differentiation caused by founder effect and lack of gene flow, selection on champion looks or restricted pedigrees is a strong driver of population fragmentation. Artificial barriers for gene flow between the different subpopulations should be recognized and abolished for the maintenance of genetic diversity within a breed.

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“…This may be related to the ancestral feeding behavior of dogs, which were frequently exposed to putrefied meat. Histamine, putrescine and several amines and amino acids such as hydroxyproline can be reduced by DAO, also called histaminase [ 27 ]. The absence of difference in DAO activity can be related to the high concentration of amines and amino acids in both types of diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diets Based on Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver and Different Protein Concentrations on the Formation and Deamination of Biogenic Amines and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Dogs

Pinto

Monteiro

Bortolo

et al. 2023

Animals

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Biogenic amines are synthesized through the bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids, commonly found in high levels in animal by-product meals due to spoilage. Furthermore, biogenic amines and other metabolites can be produced by the fermentation of proteins in the hindgut according to the protein source and concentration of crude protein (CP) in the diet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate two protein sources (poultry by-product meal (PBPM) and hydrolyzed chicken liver powder (HCLP)) and three CP concentrations (24, 32, and 40%) and their effects on the consumption and fecal excretion of biogenic amines, plasma monoamine oxidase (MAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of healthy adult dogs after 30 days of feeding the experimental diets. Twelve dogs were randomly distributed into six treatments (n = 6/treatment): PBPM24 (PBPM with 24% CP); PBPM32 (PBPM with 32% CP); PBPM40 (PBPM with 40% CP); HCLP24 (HCLP with 24% CP); HCLP32 (HCLP with 32% CP); HCLP40 (HCLP with 40% CP). The PBPM and PBPM-based diets had higher concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, agmatine, and total biogenic amines. In contrast, HCLP and HCLP-based diets contained higher concentrations of spermidine, phenylethylamine, and spermine. The PBPM and PBPM-diets had higher biogenic amine index (BAI) indicating lower quality due to the high content of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine. Dogs fed diets with PBPM and higher protein concentrations consumed more putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, agmatine, and total amines (p < 0.0001), while dogs fed with HCLP consumed more spermidine, phenylethylamine, and spermine (p < 0.0001). Fecal excretion of phenylethylamine was greater in dogs fed HCLP32 and HCLP40 diets (p = 0.045). Dogs fed with HCLP tended to excrete more spermidine and tryptamine via feces, while higher protein concentrations tended to increase fecal excretion of cadaverine (p < 0.10). Plasma MAO activity was higher in dogs fed HCLP24 and PBPM32 diets (p = 0.024). The plasma activities of DAO and TAC were not different between diets (p > 0.05). Although we did not evaluate the intestinal activities of MAO and DAO, our results suggest that healthy adult dogs have an efficient deamination process on the gut epithelium.

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Genome-wide association studies of 74 plasma metabolites of German shepherd dogs reveal two metabolites associated with genes encoding their enzymes

Cited by 6 publications

References 104 publications

Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

Differential breeding practices drive subpopulation differentiation and contribute to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

Effects of Diets Based on Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver and Different Protein Concentrations on the Formation and Deamination of Biogenic Amines and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Dogs

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