Genome-Wide Association Study of Vascular Bundle-Related Traits in Maize Stalk

Zheng, Yunxiao; Zhu, Linghua; Song, Weibin; Han, Lei; Huang, Yaqun; Wang, Hong; Guo, Jian-Wei

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.699486

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The appearance of the previously mentioned challenges is unsurprising, considering that current dialogue datasets intrinsically lack accurate annotations and guidelines for handling dynamic character relationships and attributes. As shown in Table 1, while some existing datasets (Zhang et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2019;Jang et al, 2021;Ding et al, 2023) do include basic information about scenes, relationships, and attributes, the issue is that this information remains static and does not change over time. For example, if John and Harry are labeled as "friends", their relationship will remain as friends across all dialogue sessions.…”

Section: Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Language Models Meet Harry Potter: A Dataset for Aligning Dialogue Agents with Characters

Chen,

Wang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023

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In recent years, Dialogue-style Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT4 have demonstrated immense potential in constructing open-domain dialogue agents. However, aligning these agents with specific characters or individuals remains a considerable challenge due to the complexities of character representation and the lack of comprehensive annotations. In this paper, we introduce the Harry Potter Dialogue (HPD) dataset, designed to advance the study of dialogue agents and character alignment. The dataset encompasses all dialogue sessions (in both English and Chinese) from the Harry Potter series and is annotated with vital background information, including dialogue scenes, speakers, character relationships, and attributes. These extensive annotations may empower LLMs to unlock characterdriven dialogue capabilities. Furthermore, it can serve as a universal benchmark for evaluating how well can a LLM aligning with a specific character. We benchmark LLMs on HPD using both fine-tuning and in-context learning settings. Evaluation results reveal that although there is substantial room for improvement in generating high-quality, character-aligned responses, the proposed dataset is valuable in guiding models toward responses that better align with the character of Harry Potter.

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Section: Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Language Models Meet Harry Potter: A Dataset for Aligning Dialogue Agents with Characters

Chen,

Wang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023

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“…After spraying ethephon, the sclerenchyma and lignified parenchyma thickness of the stem was thickened, thereby significantly improving the rind penetration strength and bending strength. The number of large vascular bundles showed differences within two years, which may be caused by the wide genetic variation in vascular bundle characteristics [40]. In a previous study, the effect of the number of vascular bundles on lodging was related to the elastic modulus of vascular bundles [41], and the effect of vascular bundle system on stalk strength should be compared and analyzed according to specific conditions [4].…”

Section: The Regulation Of Spraying Ethephon On Stalk Lodging Resista...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spraying Ethephon Effectively Increased Canopy Light Transmittance of Densely Planted Summer Maize, Thus Achieving Synergistic Improvement in Stalk Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield

Geng

Sun

Ren

et al. 2022

Plants

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Increasing planting density is an effective way to improve maize yield, but high plant populations often cause a lodging problem. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing planting density on stalk lodging resistance and grain yield, and to explore the effects on stalk and yield properties of spraying ethephon in densely planted summer maize. The summer maize hybrid, Xundan20 (XD20), was used as experimental material. It was grown by spraying water (CK) or ethephon (E) at BBCH (BASF, Bayer, Ciba-Geigy and Hoechst) 17 under three different planting densities of 60,000 plants ha−1 (L), 75,000 plants ha−1 (M) and 90,000 plants ha−1 (H) in order to explore the possibility of synergistic improvement in stalk lodging resistance and grain yield. The results from this experiment suggested that the gravity center height of densely planted summer maize was significantly increased, the stem diameter, area and number of vascular bundles were significantly decreased and the dry weight per unit internode was significantly decreased, thereby weakening the stalk rind penetration strength and bending performance, resulting in a significant increase in lodging percentage. The ear height was significantly decreased and the SPAD (soil and plant analysis development) and canopy light transmittance were increased after spraying ethephon; then, the internode dry weight per unit length was increased and the stalk rind penetration strength and bending performance were enhanced so as to significantly reduce the lodging percentage and increase the grain yield. The correlation analysis further showed that lodging percentage was significantly negatively correlated with stem diameter, area and number of vascular bundles and stalk bending performance, but there were no strong relationships with grain yield. This suggested that the synergistic improvement in stalk lodging resistance and grain yield was not contradictory. Under the experiment conditions, the effect of spraying ethephon was most significant when the planting density was 90,000 plants ha−1. At the time, the lodging percentage and grain yield were 12.2% and 11,137.5 kg ha−1, which were decreased by 44.6% and increased by 8.0% compared with the control treatment. Scientific chemical regulation could significantly improve the stalk lodging resistance and grain yield of densely planted summer maize.

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“…Liao et al [ 47 ] screened out 42 and 93 significant association loci in the rice neck panicle and flag leaf and identified Grain number, plant height, and heading date7 ( Ghd7 ) that might strengthen the capacity of transporting assimilates from source to sink, affecting the vascular bundle in the neck panicle at the heading stage. High-throughput SNP markers were used in GWAS to screen 248 maize inbred lines for vascular bundle-related phenotypic loci and identified 15, 13, 2, 1, and 5 SNPs significantly associated with the number of small and large vascular bundles, the average area of single small and single large vascular bundle, and cross-sectional area, respectively [ 66 ]. In rice, OsOPS1 ( OCTOPUS ) was identified in a co-expression network grain size module, its Arabidopsis homologues OPS and OPL2 regulate phloem differentiation and vascular patterning [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Advances In Vascular Bundle and “Source-flow-sink” Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is difficult to find many relevant mutants in a short period of time, more so for some polyploid crops, for which creating mutants is even harder. At present, many research advances are confined to QTL mapping [ 47 , 66 ]. Further, we found that many vascular systems related to gene mining have also progressed in diploid species, such as rice, maize, tomato, etc.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To summarize, an understanding of how vascular bundle development and nutrient transportation increase crop yields is urgently needed in order to meet the challenges of 21st-century agriculture, and there are several biomolecular strategies. First, the construction of a high-quality natural population and GWAS could be precise strategies to capture functional genes and favorable haplotypes for vascular bundle development [ 47 , 66 ]. Second, developing more robust and accurate platforms suitable for detecting anatomical characteristics of vascular bundles is another strategy [ 122 ].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomolecular Strategies for Vascular Bundle Development to Improve Crop Yield

et al. 2022

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The need to produce crops with higher yields is critical due to a growing global population, depletion of agricultural land, and severe climate change. Compared with the “source” and “sink” transport systems that have been studied a lot, the development and utilization of vascular bundles (conducting vessels in plants) are increasingly important. Due to the complexity of the vascular system, its structure, and its delicate and deep position in the plant body, the current research on model plants remains basic knowledge and has not been repeated for crops and applied to field production. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding biomolecular strategies of vascular bundles in transport systems (source-flow-sink), allocation, helping crop architecture establishment, and influence of the external environment. It is expected to help understand how to use sophisticated and advancing genetic engineering technology to improve the vascular system of crops to increase yield.

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Genome-Wide Association Study of Vascular Bundle-Related Traits in Maize Stalk

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Large Language Models Meet Harry Potter: A Dataset for Aligning Dialogue Agents with Characters

Large Language Models Meet Harry Potter: A Dataset for Aligning Dialogue Agents with Characters

Spraying Ethephon Effectively Increased Canopy Light Transmittance of Densely Planted Summer Maize, Thus Achieving Synergistic Improvement in Stalk Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield

Biomolecular Strategies for Vascular Bundle Development to Improve Crop Yield

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