Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Stress Response of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Genes in Quinoa

Abstract

Saline-alkali stress seriously affects the yield and quality of crops, threatening food security and ecological security. Improving saline-alkali land and increasing effective cultivated land are conducive to sustainable agricultural development. Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide, is closely related to plant growth and development and stress response. Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are key enzymes catalyzing trehalose biosynthesis. To elucidate the effects of long-term saline-alkali stress on trehalose synthesis and metabolism, we conducted an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis. As a result, 13 TPS and 11 TPP genes were identified in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and were named CqTPS1-13 and CqTPP1-11 according to the order of their Gene IDs. Through phylogenetic analysis, the CqTPS family is divided into two classes, and the CqTPP family is divided into three classes. Analyses of physicochemical properties, gene structures, conservative domains and motifs in the proteins, and cis-regulatory elements, as well as evolutionary relationships, indicate that the TPS and TPP family characteristics are highly conserved in quinoa. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the sucrose and starch metabolism pathway in leaves undergoing saline-alkali stress indicate that CqTPP and Class II CqTPS genes are involved in the stress response. Moreover, the accumulation of some metabolites and the expression of many regulatory genes in the trehalose biosynthesis pathway changed significantly, suggesting the metabolic process is important for the saline-alkali stress response in quinoa.

Genome- and transcriptome-wide identification of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases (TPP) gene family and their expression patterns under abiotic stress and exogenous trehalose in soybean

“…Surprisingly, in this study, it was observed that sucrose and trehalose levels increased under saline-alkaline treatment alone, regardless of the altered expression of GmTPP genes and the decrease in glucose, fructose, and starch contents. Notably, high levels of soluble carbohydrate can positively regulated genes involved in sugar sensing and carbon metabolism under saline conditions [ 51 ]. For example, enhancing sucrose synthesis and reducing sucrose decomposition to increase sucrose content alleviated salt stress in salt-tolerant sweet sorghum [ 52 ].…”

The trehalose 6‐phosphate phosphatase family in plants

“…In wheat, salt stress was shown to induce eight TaTPPs and repress three others (Du et al, 2022). In quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), CqTPP4 was shown to decrease significantly under saline-alkali stress (Wang et al, 2023b). In salt-stressed maize plants, TPP expression was differentially altered F I G U R E 7 Effects of cold, osmotic, salt, drought, oxidative and heat stresses on the expression of Arabidopsis TPP genes.…”

“…In wheat, salt stress was shown to induce eight TaTPPs and repress three others (Du et al, 2022). In quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ), CqTPP4 was shown to decrease significantly under saline‐alkali stress (Wang et al, 2023b). In salt‐stressed maize plants, TPP expression was differentially altered in leaves, kernels and cobs, indicating that Tre6P signalling may have different roles in source and sink tissues (Henry et al, 2015).…”

Genome-Wide Analysis of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Gene Family and Their Expression Profiles in Response to Abiotic Stress in Groundnut

“…Afterward, T6P is dephosphorylated into trehalose through the action of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) [ 13 ]. With the advancement of high-throughput DNA sequencing technology, researchers have successfully identified TPS and TPP gene family members in the genomes of all major plant taxa [ 4 , 14 , 15 ]. This significant finding suggests that trehalose metabolism, regulated by these genes, is widely distributed and prevalent throughout the plant kingdom [ 2 , 16 ].…”