Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of KNOTTED-Like Homeobox (KNOX) Homologs in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Their Expression Profilings Responding to Exogenous Cytokinin and Gibberellin

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable and is cultivated and consumed worldwide for its economic and medicinal values. Garlic cloves, the major reproductive and edible organs, are derived from the axillary meristems. KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) proteins, such as SHOOT MERISTEM-LESS (STM), play important roles in axillary meristem formation and development. However, the KNOX proteins in garlic are still poorly known. Here, 10 AsKNOX genes, scattered on 5 of the 8 chromosomes, were genome-wide identified and characterized based on the newly released garlic genome. The typical conserved domains of KNOX proteins were owned by all these 10 AsKNOX homologs, which were divided into two Classes (Class I and Class II) based on the phylogenetic analysis. Prediction and verification of the subcellular localizations revealed the diverse subcellular localization of these 10 AsKNOX proteins. Cis-element prediction, tissue expression analysis, and expression profilings in responding to exogenous GA3 and 6-BA showed the potential involvement of AsKNOX genes in the gibberellin and cytokinin signaling pathways. Overall, the results of this work provided a better understanding of AsKNOX genes in garlic and laid an important foundation for their further functional studies.

Prunus Knotted-like Genes: Genome-Wide Analysis, Transcriptional Response to Cytokinin in Micropropagation, and Rootstock Transformation

“…CK responsive elements in promoters and transcriptional variation at 24 hpt support a rapid BA effect on PRUNOX, consistently with PRUNOXI triggering 3 h post-BA vascular uptake in stems [14]. Several experiments based on BA administration reveal KNOX message variation in long periods post-treatment [16,45]. These data pinpoint that responsiveness depends on supply methods, targeted tissue, and plant species.…”

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and evolutionary analysis of the barley TALE gene family and its expression profiles in response to exogenous hormones

“…Based on previous studies ( Zhang et al., 2021 ; Han et al., 2022 ), we used qRT-PCR to detect expression levels under ABA, GA3, and 6-BA stress for four TALE genes that were relatively highly expressed in each tissue ( Figure 10 ; Supplementary Table 12 ). When treated with ABA, the expression levels of HvKNOX6 and HvNOX8 decreased more significantly than those of their controls (the 0-h sample point).…”

Genome-wide Identification and Characterization of the GRAS Transcription Factors in Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

“…Recently, the assembly of garlic genome was completed using a repertoire of five advanced sequencing methodologies ( Sun et al, 2020 ), which made it feasible to identify the genes important for garlic growth and development in Allium crops. Consequently, several gene families, such as GH19, PR, and KNOX, have been systemically characterized ( Anisimova et al, 2021 ; Filyushin et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). The GRAS family is one of the most important transcription factor families that participate widely in the plant growth regulation and development.…”