Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Abstract

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is significant in the growth, development and stress resistance of plants. We identified the cucumber TPS family and its physicochemical properties, domains, gene structures, evolutionary relationships, gene locations, cis-acting elements, conserved motifs, and expression patterns using bioinformatics. Our results uncovered seven CsTPS genes in the cucumber genome and named CsTPS1–CsTPS7 according to their locations in the chromosomes. Seven CsTPS genes were randomly distributed in six cucumber chromosomes. Domain analysis showed that the TPS and TPP domains exist in all CsTPSs, and an additional hydrolase-3 domain exist in CsTPS3, CsTPS5 and CsTPS6. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TPS proteins from Arabidopsis, rice, soybean, and cucumber were divided into two subfamilies (Class I and Class II) and they were further divided into seven subgroups. TPS proteins from Arabidopsis and cucumber were grouped together, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. Gene structure analysis indicated that most Class I genes contained 16–17 introns, while Class II genes (except CsTPS7) had two introns. Motif analysis showed that Class II genes had 10 complete conserved motifs, while Class I genes lacked motif 8 and motif 9. Furthermore, CsTPS genes possessed numerous cis-acting elements related to stress, hormone, and light response in the promoter regions. GO analysis indicated multiple functions for the CsTPS proteins. Expression analysis of CsTPS genes in different tissues found that they were expressed in roots, stems and leaves, with the highest expression levels in roots. The expression analysis of CsTPSs under different treatments showed that CsTPS genes may participate in the response to abiotic stress, plant hormones and sugar treatments.

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Hydrogen Gas Improves Seed Germination in Cucumber by Regulating Sugar and Starch Metabolisms

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Imperative role of trehalose metabolism and trehalose‐6‐phosphate signaling on salt stress responses in plants

“…Plants also express many genes with TPS‐ and TPP‐like domains, albeit they lack TPS or TPP enzymatic activity and may instead serve as regulatory or sensor proteins (Ramon et al, 2009). TPS plays a vital role in trehalose metabolism and stress resistance in plants; in many cases, TPS genes are found to play critical roles in response to stress (Dan et al, 2021). Trehalose increases malate and fumarate flow, which results in altered glycine decarboxylation, resulting in increased glycine accumulation in mitochondria and decreased glycine accumulation in the cytoplasm (Joshi et al, 2020).…”