Genome-Wide Identification of GASA Gene Family in Ten Cucurbitaceae Species and Expression Analysis in Cucumber

Abstract

Gibberellic acid-stimulated in Arabidopsis (GASA), a unique small molecular protein of plants, plays an essential role in plant growth and development. The GASA family genes have been identified and studied in many plants. However, the identification of GASA gene family in Cucurbitaceae species has not been reported yet. Therefore, in this study, based on the available genome information on the Cucurbitaceae species, the GASA family genes in 10 Cucurbitaceae species including cucumber (Cucumis sativus), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), wax gourd (Benincasa hispida), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), chayote (Sechium edule), and snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina) were identified with bioinformatics methods. To understand the molecular functions of GASA genes, the expression pattern analysis of cucumber GASA family genes in different tissues and stress responses were also analyzed. The results showed that a total of 114 GASA genes were identified in the 10 Cucurbitaceae species, which were divided into three subfamilies. Synteny analysis of GASA genes among cucumber, Arabidopsis and rice showed that nine cucumber GASA genes were colinear with 12 Arabidopsis GASA genes, and six cucumber GASA genes were colinear with six rice GASA genes. The cis-acting elements analysis implied that the cucumber GASA genes contained many cis-elements associated with stress and hormone response. Tissue-specific expression analysis of cucumber GASA family genes revealed that only the CsaV3_2G029490 gene was lowly or not expressed in all tissues, the CsaV3_3G041480 gene was highly expressed in all tissues, and the other seven GASA genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, nine cucumber GASA family genes exhibited different degrees of regulatory response under GA, abiotic and biotic stresses. Two cucumber GASA genes, CsaV3_3G042060 and CsaV3_3G041480, were differentially expressed under multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, which indicated that these two GASA genes play important roles in the growth and development of cucumber.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the lettuce GASA family in response to abiotic stresses

“…The GASA family has been reported to be differentially expressed in different organs as well as in diverse abiotic stresses and hormones [ 4 , 38 , 39 ]. Expression analysis of lettuce organs showed that six LsGASA were expressed in the leaves, roots, seeds, stems, and flowers (Additional file 5 : Fig.…”

Shining in the dark: the big world of small peptides in plants

“…Specifically, the authors extracted peptides from the medium of a whole plant in submerged culture using o-chlorophenol and detected an uncharacterized small, secreted peptide gene family in Arabidopsis . Other research teams have focused on specific small peptide families in noncereal crops; for instance, genome-wide analyses have led to identification of CLE in Malus × domestica (apple), the GASA family in Cucumis sativus (cucumber), and the defensin family in Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) (Zhang et al 2022a , 2022b ; Zhao et al 2022 ).…”

GASA Proteins: Review of Their Functions in Plant Environmental Stress Tolerance

“…Our understanding of the signaling cascades initiated by adverse environmental phenomena has increased owing to the identification of several gene families in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L., where GASA (Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis ) is one of those proteins (also referred to as Snakin protein) with an array of cysteine-rich (Cys) peptides regulated by gibberellins (GAs) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In recent years, the number of studies that have focused on a cysteine-rich protein that plays a role in the development and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in a wide range of plants has increased [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. To date, GASA peptides were identified in diverse monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species [ 18 ].…”