The dramatic changes in gene expression required for development necessitate the establishment of cis-regulatory modules defined by regions of accessible chromatin. Pioneer transcription factors have the unique property of binding closed chromatin and facilitating the establishment of these accessible regions. Nonetheless, much of how pioneer transcription factors coordinate changes in chromatin accessibility during development remains unknown. To determine whether pioneer-factor function is intrinsic to the protein or whether pioneering activity is developmentally modulated, we studied the highly conserved, essential transcription factor, Grainy head (Grh). Grh is expressed throughout Drosophila development and functions as a pioneer factor in the larvae. We demonstrated that Grh remains bound to condensed mitotic chromosomes, a property shared with other pioneer factors. By assaying chromatin accessibility in embryos lacking either maternal or zygotic Grh at three stages of development, we discovered that Grh is not required for chromatin accessibility in early embryogenesis, in contrast to its essential functions later in development. Our data reveal that the pioneering activity of Grh is temporally regulated and is likely influenced by additional factors expressed at a given developmental stage. Abdusselamoglu, M. D., Eroglu, E., Burkard, T. R. and Knoblich, J. A. (2019). The transcription factor odd-paired regulates temporal identity in transit-amplifying neural progenitors via an incoherent feed-forward loop. Elife 8,.Aleksic, J., Ferrero, E., Fischer, B., Shen, S. and Russell, S. (2013). The role of Dichaete in transcriptional regulation during Drosophila embryonic development. BMC Genomics 14, 861.Attardi, L. D. and Tjian, R. (1993). Drosophila tissue-specific transcription factor NTF-1 contains a novel isoleucine-rich activation motif. Genes Dev. 7, 1341-1353. Bellec, M., Radulescu, O. and Lagha, M. (2018). Remembering the past: Mitotic bookmarking in a developing embryo. Curr. Opin. Syst. Biol. 11, 41-49. Benedyk, M. J., Mullen, J. R. and DiNardo, S. (1994). odd-paired: a zinc finger pair-rule protein required for the timely activation of engrailed and wingless in Drosophila embryos. Genes Dev. 8, 105-117. Blythe, S. A. and Wieschaus, E. F. (2016). Establishment and maintenance of heritable chromatin structure during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Elife 5,. Boglev, Y., Wilanowski, T., Caddy, J., Parekh, V., Auden, A., Darido, C., Hislop, N. R., Cangkrama, M., Ting, S. B. and Jane, S. M. (2011). The unique and cooperative roles of the Grainy head-like transcription factors in epidermal development reflect unexpected target gene specificity. Dev. Biol. 349, 512-522. Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M. and Usadel, B. (2014). Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30, 2114-2120. . A cis-acting element and associated binding factor required for CNS expression of the Drosophila melanogaster dopa decarboxylase gene. EMBO J. 7, 177-188. Bray, S. J., Burke, B., Brown, N. H. and Hirsh, J...