Genome Wide Identification, Phylogeny and Expression Profiling Analysis of Shattering genes in Rapeseed and Mustard Plants

Abstract

Background: Non-synchronized pods shattering in the Brassicaceae family bring upon huge yield losses around the world. The shattering process was validated to be controlled by eight different genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, including SHATTERPROOF1, SHATTERPROOF2, FRUITFULL, INDEHISCENT, ALCATRAZ, NAC, REPLUMLESS and POLYGlACTOURANAZE. To obtain gene family & examine their expression patterns into fresh & mature silique, then completed genome wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of shattering genes in B. napus and B. juncea.Results: Complete genome analysis of B. napus and B. juncea revealed 32 shattering genes, which were identified and categorize based on protein motif structure, exon-intron organization and phylogeny. The phylogenetic study revealed that these shattering genes contain little duplications that were determined with a distinct chromosome number. Motifs of 32 shattering proteins were also observed where motifs 6 were found to be more conserved. A single motif was observed for other genes like BrnS7, BrnS8, BrjS23 and BrjS26. Comparative genomics for synteny analysis was performed that validated a conserved pattern of blocks among these cultivars. RT-PCR based expressions profile showed higher expression of shattering genes in B. juncea as compared to B. napus. FUL gene was expressed more in the mature silique. ALC gene was not expressed in the fresh silique of B. napus but highly expressed in the mature silique. Conclusion: This study authenticates that shattering genes exist in the local cultivars of Brassica. ALC exhibited strong expression in both the mature and fresh silique of B. juncea. Our results showed that shattering genes expression occurred more in B. juncea as compared to B. napus. It also contributes to the screening of more candidate gene for further investigation and characterization.

Genetic and Physiological Aspects of Silique Shattering in Rapeseed and Mustard

“…FUL gene was expressed more in the mature silique. ALC gene was not expressed in the fresh silique of B. napus, but highly expressed in the mature silique (Afridi et al, 2021). The evolutionary relationship among different brassica species is described by the U triangle of brassica as shown in Figure 1.…”

“…Production of high yields from polyploid B. napus requires resistance against silique shattering (Zaman et al, 2019). In Arabidopsis, a number of genes involved in the development or control of dehiscence zone were discovered (Gu et al, 1998;Liljegren et al, 2000;Dinneny and Yanofsky, 2005;Afridi et al, 2021). Zaman et al (2019) reported that the JAGGED (JAG) gene in Arabidopsis is a critical component of the fruit dehiscence.…”