Genome-wide organization, evolutionary diversification of the COMMD family genes of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) with the possible role in innate immunity

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the COMMD Gene Family in Four Bivalve Molluscs

“…For four bivalves, a total of 25 sites under potentially positive selection were identified which may provide a support for the structural and functional diversity of the COMMD family members. Similarly, the selective pressure analyses of COMMD family genes in amphioxus showed that there were 16 positive selective sites detected, although the COMMD family genes have undergone very strong purifying selection during evolution (Jin et al, 2018).…”

“…Evolutionary analysis have shown that purifying selection dominated the evolution of COMMD genes (Jin et al, 2018). For four bivalves, a total of 25 sites under potentially positive selection were identified which may provide a support for the structural and functional diversity of the COMMD family members.…”

“…Besides COMMD1, 9, COMMD6, 7, 8 were also absent in most ecdysozoans and that nematodes only have the COMMD4 subfamily, which may attribute to the fact that the Ecdysozoa genomes are rapidly evolving (Telford et al, 2008). Besides, COMMD1, 6, 8 have been lost in ciona (Jin et al, 2018), while 10 intact single-copy COMMD genes were found in amphioxus as well as in most vertebrates. Species in the Mollusca, Deuterostomia (except Urochordata), Brachiopoda, Cnidaria, and Sponge groups almost have ten intact singlecopy COMMD family genes; only several species were found to have loss of one the COMMD subfamily members.…”

“…The COMMD genes play key roles in regulating copper homeostasis and innate immune response (Bartuzi et al, 2013;Jin et al, 2018;Mouhadeb et al, 2018). To investigate the possibly biological functions of the MlCOMMDs, their mRNA expression levels were measured at different time points under copper ion stress and bacterial stress.…”