Genomic Analysis of Mic1 Reveals a Novel Freshwater Long-Tailed Cyanophage

Yang, Feng; Jin, Hua; Wang, Xiaoqian; Li, Qiong; Zhang, Juntao; Cui, Ning; Jiang, Yong-Liang; Chen, Yuxing; Wu, Qingfa; Zhou, Cong‐Zhao; Li, Weifang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00484

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Eight cyanophages specific to Microcystis sp. have been reported and belong to families: Myoviridae (2), Podoviridae (3), Siphoviridae (2), and Corticovirus-like particles (1) ( Jaskulska and Mankiewicz-Boczek, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). Myoviruses exhibit an icosahedral capsid connected with a contractile tail, while siphoviruses have a long non-contractile tail, and podoviruses have a short non-contractile tail ( Barylski et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cyanophage PhiMa05 contains a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 273,876 bp in length with a GC content of 54.2%. Three current Microcystis viral genomes databases are available, including Ma-LMM01, MaMV-DC and Mic1 ( Yoshida et al, 2008 ; Ou et al, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). The Mic1 is grouped in Siphoviridae , while PhiMa05 shared morphological characteristics with Ma-LMM01 and MaMV-DC, members of Myoviridae .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, eight cyanophages specific to the genus Microcystis have been reported ( Jaskulska and Mankiewicz-Boczek, 2020 ). Only three cyanophage genomes (MaMV-DC, Ma-LMM01 and Mic1) have been sequenced and characterized, exhibiting genomes with less than 200 kb ( Yoshida et al, 2008 ; Ou et al, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). All of them carry AMGs responsible for maintaining cyanophage genes and releases of their progeny.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Jumbo Phage PhiMa05 Inhibits Harmful Microcystis sp.

et al. 2021

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Microcystis poses a concern because of its potential contribution to eutrophication and production of microcystins (MCs). Phage treatment has been proposed as a novel biocontrol method for Microcystis. Here, we isolated a lytic cyanophage named PhiMa05 with high efficiency against MCs-producing Microcystis strains. Its burst size was large, with approximately 127 phage particles/infected cell, a short latent period (1 day), and high stability to broad salinity, pH and temperature ranges. The PhiMa05 structure was composed of an icosahedral capsid (100 nm) and tail (120 nm), suggesting that the PhiMa05 belongs to the Myoviridae family. PhiMa05 inhibited both planktonic and aggregated forms of Microcystis in a concentration-dependent manner. The lysis of Microcystis resulted in a significant reduction of total MCs compared to the uninfected cells. A genome analysis revealed that PhiMa05 is a double-stranded DNA virus with a 273,876 bp genome, considered a jumbo phage. Out of 254 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), only 54 ORFs were assigned as putative functional proteins. These putative proteins are associated with DNA metabolisms, structural proteins, host lysis and auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), while no lysogenic, toxin and antibiotic resistance genes were observed in the genome. The AMGs harbored in the phage genome are known to be involved in energy metabolism [photosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)] and nucleotide biosynthesis genes. Their functions suggested boosting and redirecting host metabolism during viral infection. Comparative genome analysis with other phages in the database indicated that PhiMa05 is unique. Our study highlights the characteristics and genome analysis of a novel jumbo phage, PhiMa05. PhiMa05 is a potential phage for controlling Microcystis bloom and minimizing MC occurrence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Jumbo Phage PhiMa05 Inhibits Harmful Microcystis sp.

et al. 2021

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“…Node 331 was not included in this group, as it is only 56% similar. The third group, referred to as Sipho II, contains the recently discovered Siphoviridae phage, Mic1 [32].…”

Section: Host and Virus Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the active genetic diversity of Microcystis and Microcystis phage through a temporal survey of Taihu

Pound

Wilhelm

2020

PLoS ONE

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Harmful algal blooms are commonly thought to be dominated by a single genus, but they are not homogenous communities. Current approaches, both molecular and culture-based, often overlook fine-scale variations in community composition that can influence bloom dynamics. We combined homology-based searches (BLASTX) and phylogenetics to distinguish and quantify Microcystis host and phage members across a summer season during a 2014 Microcystis- dominated bloom that occurred in Lake Tai (Taihu), China. We found 47 different genotypes of the Microcystis-specific DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (rpoB), which included several morphospecies. Microcystis flos-aquae and Microcystis wesenbergii accounted for ~86% of total Microcystis transcripts, while the more commonly studied Microcystis aeruginosa only accounted for ~7%. Microcystis genotypes were classified into three temporal groups according to their expression patterns across the course of the bloom: early, constant and late. All Microcystis morphospecies were present in each group, indicating that expression patterns were likely dictated by competition driven by environmental factors, not phylogeny. We identified three primary Microcystis-infecting phages based on the viral terminase, including a novel Siphoviridae phage that may be capable of lysogeny. Within our dataset, Myoviridae phages consistent with those infecting Microcystis in a lytic manner were positively correlated to the early host genotypes, while the Siphoviridae phages were positively correlated to the late host genotypes, when the Myoviridae phages express putative genetic markers for lysogeny. The expression of genes in the microcystin-encoding mcy cassette was estimated using mcyA, which revealed 24 Microcystis-specific genotypes that were negatively correlated to the early host genotypes. Of all environmental factors measured, pH best described the temporal shift in the Microcystis community genotypic composition, promoting hypotheses regarding carbon concentration mechanisms and oxidative stress. Our work expounds on the complexity of HAB events, using a well-studied dataset to highlight the need for increased resolution of community dynamics.

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“…Cyanophages can modulate both the population and the community structure of their hosts (Sullivan et al, 2003), thus representing a potential environmentally friendly strategy for controlling the growth of cyanobacteria. Although hundreds of cyanophage strains have been isolated from various aquatic systems, to date only a minor portion have been sequenced, and only $15% of these are from freshwater bodies (Yang et al, 2020). Illustrating this relative paucity of data, only three capsid structures of cyanophages are available, including the marine P-SSP7 (Liu et al, 2010) and Syn5 (Gipson et al, 2014), at low resolution, and the freshwater Mic1 at 3.5 A ˚ (Jin et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%