Genomic Designing for Climate-Smart Tomato

Abstract

Introduction 2 Challenges, Priorities and Breeding objectives 2.1 Productivity 2.2 Fruit quality 2.2.1 Nutritional quality 2.2.2 Sensory quality 2.2.3 Mild stress as a tool to manage fruit quality 2.3 Biotic and abiotic stresses 2.3.1 Biotic stresses 2.3.1.1 Pests and pathogens of tomatoes 2.3.1.2 Impact of climate change on pest and pathogen resistance 2.3.1.3 New emerging tomato diseases 2.

Sustainable Transfer of Tomato Landraces to Modern Cropping Systems: The Effects of Environmental Conditions and Management Practices on Long-Shelf-Life Tomatoes

“…In the present study, we compared the behavior of these recently released modern varieties (545, 15,004) to that of traditional accessions of different ecogeographic origins (LC649, Valencia; LC391, Catalonia; LC732, Balearic Islands) selected from among the wide diversity found in each area [23,25,47] for their economic importance (they are still grown on a large-scale) and closeness to consumers' ideotype of the variety. The main differences found between the modern varieties and the landraces were related to earliness, yield, firmness, and resistance to cracking, all of which have been targets for modern tomato breeding, which started a century ago [2]. Compared to the worst-performing landraces, the best modern varieties achieved gains in earliness to ripening (22.2 days), yield (4.4 kg/m 2 ), and firmness (42%) while maintaining the quality features associated with the landraces (long shelf-life, low fruit weight, and high SSC).…”

“…Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most widely grown vegetable in the world, being cultivated with a wide range of techniques in very diverse environments in 177 countries [1], including low-input open-air fields (yielding up to 40 t/ha), low-tech greenhouses (yielding 50-100 t/ha), and high-tech greenhouses (yielding > 400 t/ha) [2,3]. Given the economic importance of the crop and wide variability in growing conditions, large amounts of time and money have been invested in research to understand genetic and environmental factors influencing yield and quality traits [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. Studies are usually designed to isolate the effects of particular environmental factors and conducted under controlled conditions; however, when these results are transferred to commercial conditions, the effects can be diluted in the complex matrix of interactions between the myriad factors that simultaneously affect plants in fields.…”

“…For this reason, to gain a comprehensive understanding of crop responses to biotic and abiotic factors, it is necessary to assess the combined effects of genotype x environment x management factors (GxExM) [4,9]. Various authors have pointed out the need to consider combinations of factors affecting tomato plant performance in efforts to understand the pathogen-environment complex [2,10], fruit quality [4], or the interactions between irrigation and fertilization doses [11,12].…”

“…To attain maximum yields and quality with the most efficient use of resources (i.e., water-use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP)) [12], it is necessary to understand the complex matrix of GxExM factors that contribute to crop performance and to determine the thresholds of each factor (i.e., maximum levels of inputs inducing efficient responses in the crop). Taking advantage of the abundant information collected for fresh-market, and processing tomatoes [2,3], long-shelf-life landraces can be considered a model group, because they are just starting their trajectory in modern high-input agriculture. To promote the sustainable transfer of long-shelf-life tomatoes to modern production systems, we studied GxExM factors impacting yield, quality (SSC, firmness, and fruit color), and shelf-life, and analyzed if these landraces preserve their singularities under the modern cropping systems as well as if they maintain their high WUE.…”

Biodegradable Food Packaging Materials and Prospects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Tomato Fruit and Product Handling

“…Decreasing respiration rates of coated tomatoes could be responsible for delayed ripening and can result in reduced changes in physiological weight loss, color, titratable acidity, and retention of firmness [ 23 ]. The antimicrobial properties of edible coatings [ 38 ] can protect the fruit against firmness-degradative agents such insects and mites [ 39 ] which are carriers of fungal and bacterial spores [ 40 ] and can cause spoilage and softening of ripe tomato fruits [ 41 ]. The biodegradable packaging materials applied on fruits including tomato are decomposable and can be degraded by microorganisms in the soil [ 6 , 42 , 43 ].…”