2023
DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.220771
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Genomic Epidemiology Linking Nonendemic Coccidioidomycosis to Travel

Abstract: C occidioides immitis and C. posadasii, the etiologic agents of coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, are environmental filamentous fungi with distinct geographic ranges in the western United States, northern Mexico, and parts of Central and South America (1,2). In 2015, C. immitis was discovered in Washington, USA (3). That discovery highlighted the importance of using molecular detection methods (3,4) and enhanced efforts to study Coccidioides spp. outside traditionally identified endemic areas. Fi… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Using Occam’s razor’s dictum that the simplest explanation is more likely to be correct, we propose that the SC-WA soil was contaminated via the travel, death and burial of an ancient human or domesticated animal from the central CA region of endemicity to SC-WA. Recent large-scale analyses of clinical cases have established the occurrence of human coccidiomycosis well outside known regions of endemicity ( 9 , 73 ) and, while nearly all such occurrences are likely travel-related, it is possible that other locales contaminated with Coccidioides will be identified. Should those sites be found, the application of the same type of analysis as described here may further shed light on the mechanism by which Coccidioides can spread from its ancestral southwestern sites to colonize other regions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Using Occam’s razor’s dictum that the simplest explanation is more likely to be correct, we propose that the SC-WA soil was contaminated via the travel, death and burial of an ancient human or domesticated animal from the central CA region of endemicity to SC-WA. Recent large-scale analyses of clinical cases have established the occurrence of human coccidiomycosis well outside known regions of endemicity ( 9 , 73 ) and, while nearly all such occurrences are likely travel-related, it is possible that other locales contaminated with Coccidioides will be identified. Should those sites be found, the application of the same type of analysis as described here may further shed light on the mechanism by which Coccidioides can spread from its ancestral southwestern sites to colonize other regions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 12 published genomes from the SC-WA Coccidioides case and soil isolates make up a distinct phylogenetic clade of C. immitis ( 6 ). This SC-WA clade of Coccidioides is highly clonal compared to the larger population structure of C. immitis ( 6 9 ) ( Fig. 1 ).…”
Section: An Interdisciplinary Assessmentmentioning
confidence: 98%
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