Genomic identification of intergeneric hybrids in New World wood-warblers (Aves: Parulidae)

Toews, David P. L.; Kramer, Gunnar R.; Jones, Andrew W.; Brennan, Courtney L.; Cloud, Benjamin E; Andersen, David E.; Lovette, Irby J.; Streby, Henry M.

doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa085

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For instance, Apolinario and Silveira (2019) compared the plumage patterns of several museum specimens to identify hybrids between the Plush-crested Jay (Cyanocorax chrysops) and the White-naped Jay (C. cynanopogon) in Brazil. The third criterion includes genetic analyses that confirm the hybrid origin of an individual (Knowlton et al 2014;Toews et al 2020) or document recent gene flow between interbreeding species (Coster et al 2018;Maxwell et al 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evidence-based overview of hybridization in tinamous

Ottenburghs

2021

Ornithol. Res.

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Estimates suggest that about 16% of bird species hybridize in the wild. This number is based on two main sources: the Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World by Eugene McCarthy and the online Serge Dumont Bird Hybrids Database. Although both sources provide supporting references for the documented hybrids, the reliability of these references has not been systematically assessed. In this paper, I introduce a scoring scheme based on three criteria that are weighted based on their reliability, namely field observations or photographs (1 point), morphological analyses (2 points), and genetic analyses (3 points). The final tally of these three criteria (ranging from 0 to 6 points) will indicate the level of confidence for a particular hybrid. I test this scoring scheme on the Neotropical bird family Tinamidae (tinamous), in which several putative hybrids have been reported. My analysis revealed one well-documented case (Crypturellus boucardi × C. cinnamomeus) and three doubtful records that require further investigation. These findings highlight the need for thoroughly scrutinizing the sources supporting avian hybrids. The scoring system clearly illustrates its usefulness and can be easily applied to other taxonomic groups to increase the reliability of documenting interspecific hybrids.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evidence-based overview of hybridization in tinamous

Ottenburghs

2021

Ornithol. Res.

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“…Yet the long-term outcome of that level of interbreeding can be complete blending or extinction of one species (depending on other parameters). While it might seem that this need to incorporate hybridization into coexistence theory only applies to very closely related species, hybridization has been observed between species separated by many millions of years of evolution (Rothfels et al 2015;Toews et al 2020). Moreover, the simulations show that even when hybrids are inviable (whyb = 0), incomplete assortative mating can lead to failure of the two species to coexist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hybridization and the Coexistence of Species

Irwin

Schluter

2022

The American Naturalist

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It is thought that two species can coexist if they use different resources present in the environment, yet this assumes that species are completely reproductively isolated. We model coexistence outcomes for two sympatric species that are ecologically differentiated but have incomplete reproductive isolation. The consequences of interbreeding depend crucially on hybrid fitness. When hybrid fitness is high, just a small rate of hybridization can lead to collapse of two species into one. Low hybrid fitness can cause population declines, making extinction of one or both species likely. High intrinsic growth rates result in higher reproductive rates when populations are below carrying capacity, reducing the probability of extinction and increasing the probability of stable coexistence at moderate levels of assortative mating and hybrid fitness. Very strong but incomplete assortative mating can induce low hybrid fitness via a mating disadvantage to rare genotypes, and this can stabilize coexistence of two species at high but incomplete levels of assortative mating. Given these results and evidence that it may take many millions of years of divergence before related species become sympatric, we postulate that coexistence of closely-related species is more often limited by insufficient assortative mating than by insufficient ecological differentiation.

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“…However, due to microbiome differentiation between host species we may predict disruption of these communities for admixed individuals upon hybridization (Brucker & Bordenstein 2012). Wood-warblers are well known to hybridize and occasionally even form intergeneric hybrids (Toews et al 2018, 2020), making this clade an excellent system that can be used to tease apart evolutionary from ecological influences on the gut microbiome as well as the potential role of the microbiome in hybrid dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome composition better reflects host phylogeny than diet in breeding wood-warblers

Baiz

Miller

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Understanding the factors that shape microbiomes can provide insight on the importance of host-symbiont interactions and on co-evolutionary dynamics. Unlike for mammals, previous studies have found little or no support for an influence of host evolutionary history on avian gut microbiome diversity and instead have suggested a greater influence of the environment or diet. Because effects of different factors may be conflated by captivity and sampling design, examining natural variation using large sample sizes is important. Our goal was to overcome these limitations by sampling wild birds to compare environmental, dietary, and evolutionary influences on gut microbiome structure. We performed fecal metabarcoding to characterize both the gut microbiome and diet of fifteen wood-warbler species across a four-year period and from two geographic localities. We find host taxonomy generally explained ~10% of the variation between individuals, which is ~6-fold more variation of any other factor considered, including diet diversity. Further, gut microbiome similarity was more congruent with the host phylogeny than with host diet similarity, and diet diversity was not associated with microbiome diversity. Together, our results suggest evolutionary history is the strongest predictor of gut microbiome differentiation among wood-warblers. Although the phylogenetic signal of the warbler gut microbiome is not very strong, our data suggest a stronger influence of diet (as measured by diet diversity) does not account for this pattern. The mechanism underlying this phylogenetic signal is not clear, but we argue host traits may filter colonization by microbes despite small host body size (and fast gut turnover) which is characteristic of wood-warblers.

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Genomic identification of intergeneric hybrids in New World wood-warblers (Aves: Parulidae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

An evidence-based overview of hybridization in tinamous

An evidence-based overview of hybridization in tinamous

Hybridization and the Coexistence of Species

Gut microbiome composition better reflects host phylogeny than diet in breeding wood-warblers

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