Genomic Organization and Promoter Identification of the Human Protein Kinase CK2 Catalytic Subunit α (CSNK2A1)

Wirkner, Ute; Voß, H.; Ansorge, Wilhelm; Pyerin, Walter

doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5136

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The promoter of the human CK2␣ gene contains potential binding sites for various transcription factors, including Sp1, Ets1, and NF-B (15,16). Our data demonstrate that these factors are present in nuclear extracts of the human cells investigated, bind specifically to the predicted sites, and are major determinants of promoter activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The region comprising positions Ϫ256 to 144 (Ϫ256/144) has been shown to contain the promoter of the human CK2␣ gene (15). To identify the decisive segment, region Ϫ256/144 was sequentially deleted from either end.…”

Section: Identification Of Promoter-active Segments-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only the 20p13 locus seems to be transcriptionally active; the other appears to be a pseudogene remaining permanently silent despite the presence of potential promoter elements in the 5Ј region (15,16). We have been successful in unraveling the structure of the active CK2␣ gene, a gene spanning roughly 70 kilobases (15). The promoter of the active gene has been located within a region comprising positions Ϫ256 to 144.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The promoter of the active gene has been located within a region comprising positions Ϫ256 to 144. The promoter shows features of a so-called housekeeping gene: no TATA box, presence of GC boxes, a CpG island around exon 1, and more than one, namely two, transcription start sites located at positions ϩ1 and 50 (15,16). Although the term housekeeping implies permanent expression with little regulation, even highly tissue-specific regulation has been shown to occur with this type of promoter.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transcription Factors Ets1, NF-κB, and Sp1 Are Major Determinants of the Promoter Activity of the Human Protein Kinase CK2α Gene

Krehan¹,

Ansuini²,

Böcher³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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CK2␣ is one of two isoforms of protein kinase CK2, a highly conserved, ubiquitous, and vital phosphotransferase whose expression is kept at constant cellular levels and whose dysregulated expression has been linked to malignant diseases. The upstream sequence of the gene coding for human CK2␣ (CSNK1A1, chromosomal location 20p13) has been examined for promoter location and transcription factor interactions using reporter gene assays (luciferase; HeLa cells), site-directed mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, super-shifts, UV cross-linking, Western blotting, and DNA affinity chromatography. Highest promoter activity has been found in a region comprising positions ؊9 to 46. Factors Sp1, Ets-1, and NF-B have been identified as interaction partners and, by mutation of individual sites and simultaneous mutations of two or more sites, shown to cross-talk to each other. At least two of the factors (Sp1; NF-B) were susceptible to phosphorylation by CK2 holoenzyme, a tetramer composed of two CK2␣ and two regulatory CK2␤ proteins, but not by individual CK2␣. Because the phosphorylation decreases promoter binding and repeated immunoprecipitation reveals presence of "free" CK2␤ in cell extracts, it is tempting to speculate that the gene product CK2␣ might readily form CK2 holoenzyme and feed back onto gene transcription. The data represent the first promoter control analysis of a mammalian CK2␣ gene and provide a hypothesis of how the constant expression level of CK2␣ may be achieved. Protein kinase CK21 (also named casein kinase II) is a pleiotropic, ubiquitous, and conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is essential for viability of eukaryotes. CK2 occurs in two highly related isoforms, CK2␣ and CK2␣Ј. Both of these occur as tetrameric holoenzymes complexed stoichiometrically to regulatory CK2␤ proteins. This tetrameric structure is also highly conserved and required for appropriate control of substrate specificity. Although a considerable number of substrates has been documented, comprising proteins involved in processes such as transcription, replication, translation, and signaling, the exact physiological role of CK2 remains poorly understood. However, CK2 has been linked to proliferation, transformation, and cell cycle regulation (reviewed in Refs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Identification Of Promoter-active Segments-mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcription Factors Ets1, NF-κB, and Sp1 Are Major Determinants of the Promoter Activity of the Human Protein Kinase CK2α Gene

Krehan¹,

Ansuini²,

Böcher³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The human genome has two genes encoding catalytic a-or a9-subunits and only one for the regulatory b-subunit (Wirkner et al, 1998;Ackermann et al, 2005), whereas plant genomes frequently have multigene families that encode each subunit (Espunya et al, 2005;Salinas et al, 2006). For example, four and two genes in rice encode CK2a and CK2b, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rice CK2 Kinase Regulates Trafficking of Phosphate Transporters in Response to Phosphate Levels

et al. 2015

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Phosphate transporters (PTs) mediate phosphorus uptake and are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. In one key mechanism of posttranslational regulation, phosphorylation of PTs affects their trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane. However, the kinase(s) mediating PT phosphorylation and the mechanism leading to ER retention of phosphorylated PTs remain unclear. In this study, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) kinase subunit, CK2b3, which interacts with PT2 and PT8 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Also, the CK2a3/b3 holoenzyme phosphorylates PT8 under phosphate-sufficient conditions. This phosphorylation inhibited the interaction of PT8 with PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER TRAFFIC FACILITATOR1, a key cofactor regulating the exit of PTs from the ER to the plasma membrane. Additionally, phosphorus starvation promoted CK2b3 degradation, relieving the negative regulation of PT phosphorus-insufficient conditions. In accordance, transgenic expression of a nonphosphorylatable version of OsPT8 resulted in elevated levels of that protein at the plasma membrane and enhanced phosphorus accumulation and plant growth under various phosphorus regimes. Taken together, these results indicate that CK2a3/b3 negatively regulates PTs and phosphorus status regulates CK2a3/b3.

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CK2 in Embryonic Development

Álvarez¹,

Revuelta-Cervantes

Domı́nguez

2013

Protein Kinase CK2

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Genomic Organization and Promoter Identification of the Human Protein Kinase CK2 Catalytic Subunit α (CSNK2A1)

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Transcription Factors Ets1, NF-κB, and Sp1 Are Major Determinants of the Promoter Activity of the Human Protein Kinase CK2α Gene

Transcription Factors Ets1, NF-κB, and Sp1 Are Major Determinants of the Promoter Activity of the Human Protein Kinase CK2α Gene

The Rice CK2 Kinase Regulates Trafficking of Phosphate Transporters in Response to Phosphate Levels

CK2 in Embryonic Development

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