Genomic Polymorphism, Sexual Recombination and Molecular Epidemiology of Theileria Parva

Bishop, Richard P.; Geysen, Dirk; Skilton, Robert A.; Odongo, David; Nene, Vishvanath; Allsopp, B. A.; Mbogo, Sam; Spooner, P.R.; Morzaria, S.P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0903-5_2

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Although no p104 or PIM alleles identical to T. parva cattle-type alleles previously reported (Iams et al, 1990; Toye et al, 1995a; 1995b;Skilton et al, 2002) were obtained from buffalo samples analyzed in this study, variants of p67 allele 1 (Sibeko et al, 2010) as well as variants of p104 allele 1 (both cattle-type alleles) were obtained. These findings suggest that parasites possessing cattletype p67 and p104 alleles may not be exclusively associated with cattle-derived T. parva parasites.…”

Section: Identification Of Cattle-type Alleles From Buffalo T Parva contrasting

confidence: 52%

“…The sequence identities of p104 sequences obtained from buffalo in this study, when compared with published sequences (Skilton et al, 2002), ranged from 94 to 97% suggesting that T. parva p104 alleles in South African buffalo are more diverse and that variations in the p104 gene may not be as limited as previously thought (Geysen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Among South African T Parva Parasite Popusupporting

confidence: 44%

“…Fifty-three good quality p104 sequences were obtained. None of these was identical to the four p104 alleles previously reportedby Skilton et al (2002) from different T. parva stocks of cattle and buffalo in East Africa (Table 1), although they were very similar with sequence identities ranging from 92-99% in the region analyzed.Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses produced similar groupings of p104 sequences; however, the maximum parsimony analysis did not resolve the differences within groups containing alleles 2 and 3. Therefore only the phylogenetic tree based on Bayesian analysis is presented (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 50%

“…by Skilton et al (2002) from different T. parva stocks of cattle and buffalo in East Africa (Table 1), although they were very similar with sequence identities ranging from 92-99% in the region analyzed.…”

Section: Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Studies of the population structure of T. parva parasites in Uganda showed that genetic exchange occurs frequently between isolates of T. parva, confirming the existence of a sexual cycle (Oura et al, 2005). Evidence for recombination between T. parva parasites, in a form of mosaic segments, has previously been observed in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (Collins and Allsopp, 1999) and sexual recombination between different T. parva stocks has been demonstrated in the laboratory (Morzaria et al, 1993;Bishop et al, 2002). It seems likely that the 'mixed' PIM sequences have arisen through recombination between cattle-type and buffalo-type PIM sequences.…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Among South African T Parva Parasite Popumentioning

confidence: 98%

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Analyses of genes encoding Theileria parva p104 and polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM) reveal evidence of the presence of cattle-type alleles in the South African T. parva population

Sibeko

Collins

Oosthuizen

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of the variable region of the p104 and PIM genes was performed on samples obtained from South African T. parva parasites originating from cattle on farms with suspected theileriosis and from buffalo. p104 and PIM PCR-RFLP profiles similar to those of the T. parva Muguga stock, an isolate that causes ECF in Kenya, were obtained from three of seven cattle samples collected on a farm near Ladysmith in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Amino acid sequences of the p104 and PIM genes from two of these samples were almost identical to the T. parva Muguga p104 and PIM sequences.This result supports findings from a recent p67 study in which p67 alleles similar to those of the T.parva Muguga stock were identified from the same samples. While these results suggest the presence of a cattle-derived T. parva parasite, reports of cattle-to-cattle transmission could not be substantiated and ECF was not diagnosed on this farm. Although extensive diversity of p104 and PIM gene sequences from South African T. parva isolates was demonstrated, no sequences identical to known cattle-type p104 and PIM alleles were identified from any of the buffalo T. parva samples analyzed. 'Mixed' PIM alleles containing both cattle-and buffalo-type amino acid motifs were identified for the first time, and there appeared to be selection of cattle-type and 'mixed'-type PIM sequences in the cattle samples examined. Keywords:Theileria parva, p104, polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM), characterization, Corridor disease, East Coast fever 3 IntroductionCattle theileriosis caused by Theileria parva is a disease of major economic importance in eastern, central and parts of southern Africa (Young et al., 1988). Infections of cattle by T. parva parasites result in three recognized disease syndromes, East Coast fever (ECF), January disease and Corridor disease. The natural tick vectors of T. parva in South Africa are Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis (Lawrence et al., 1983), and, in the presence of T. parva-infected buffalo, the vector ticks can transmit the parasite to naïve cattle, resulting in Corridor disease outbreaks.Corridor disease remains important in South Africa where it is a controlled disease. et al., 2008). This finding is of concern to the cattle industry in South Africa, as Potgieter et al. (1988) showed that buffalo-derived T. parva parasites, causing Corridor disease, can be maintained by passage between cattle and the tick vector. The persistence of T. parva infections in cattle in South Africa could eventually result in the selection of T. parva parasites adapted to cattle. It remains a concern that ECF could re-emerge and therefore a serious need exists to establish if there are cattle-type T. parva parasites in buffalo in South Africa.Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of PCR products (PCR-RFLP) of T. parva antigen genes, PIM, p104, p150 and p67, have been used for characterization of T. parva stocks (Geysen et ...

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