Genomic responses of the brain to ischemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, kainate seizures, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia

Tang, Yang; Lu, Aiming; Aronow, Bruce J.; Wagner, Kenneth R.; Sharp, Frank R.

doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02030.x

Cited by 204 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…A linear scaling procedure was performed so that signal intensities for all genes on an array are multiplied by a scaling factor that makes the average intensity value for each array equal to a preset value of 1500 (Tang et al, 2002). This procedure scaled the average intensity of all the arrays to the same level and made the comparison among different samples possible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine-Induced Intracellular Signaling and Gene Expression Are Oppositely Regulated by the Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptors

Zhang¹,

Lou²,

Jiao³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

205

229

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Repeated exposure to cocaine can induce neuroadaptations in the brain. One mechanism by which persistent changes occur involves alterations in gene expression mediated by the dopamine receptors. Both the dopamine D1 and D3 receptors have been shown to mediate gene expression changes. Moreover, the D1 and D3 receptors are also coexpressed in the same neurons, particularly in the nucleus accumbens and also caudoputamen (CPu). Little is known however, whether these two receptors coordinately regulate gene expression after cocaine administration and the underlying mechanisms. We have used various gene mutant mice to address this issue. We show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and c-fos induction in the CPu in response to acute cocaine administration is mediated by the D1 receptor and inhibited by the D3 receptor. Moreover, ERK activation mediates acute cocaine-induced expression of Fos family genes, including c-fos, fosB and fra2. Interestingly, dynorphin, neogenin, and synaptotagmin VII, genes that possess cAMPresponse element binding protein and AP-1 transcription complex-binding consensus sequences in their promoters, are also oppositely regulated by the D1 and D3 receptors after repeated exposure to cocaine. Furthermore, such regulation depends on proper ERK activation and c-fos function. These results suggest that the D1 and D3 receptors elicit opposite regulation of target gene expression by regulating ERK activation and c-fos induction after acute and chronic cocaine treatment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine-Induced Intracellular Signaling and Gene Expression Are Oppositely Regulated by the Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptors

Zhang¹,

Lou²,

Jiao³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

205

229

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show abstract

“…Thus, significant upregulation of these proteins has been observed in a number of human neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (55,(79)(80)(81)(82)), Pick's disease (79), short-course Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (72), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (83)(84)(85), and multiple sclerosis (86,87). Experiments carried out in animal models fully demonstrated the response of MT-1&2 to brain damage elicited by inflammatory factors such as lipopolysaccharides (11, 15, 24, 88), stress (62,(89)(90)(91), glutamate analogues (37,51,59,(92)(93)(94)(95), cryogenic injury (28,32,66,71), stroke/ischemia (17, [95][96][97][98], familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models (38,67,99,100), multiple sclerosis models (101)(102)(103), and gliotoxins (104)(105)(106).…”

Section: Transgenic Mice Show That Metallothionein-1and2 Are Essential mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothioneins and brain injury: What transgenic mice tell us

Hidalgo

2004

Environ Health Prev Med

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In rodents, the metallothionein (MT) family is composed of four members, MT-1 to MT-4. MT-1&2 are expressed in virtually all tissues including those of the Central Nervous System (CNS), while MT-3 (also called Growth Inhibitory Factor) and MT-4 are expressed prominently in the brain and in keratinizing epithelia, respectively. For the understanding of the physiological functions of these proteins in the brain, the use of transgenic mice has provided essential information. Results obtained in MT-1&2-null mice and in MT-1-overexpressing mice strongly suggest that these MT isoforms are important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic proteins in the brain. Results in MT-3-null mice show a very different pattern, with no support for MT-1&2-like functions. Rather, MT-3 could be involved in neuronal sprouting and survival. Results obtained in a model of peripheral nervous system injury also suggest that MT-3 could be involved in the control of nerve growth.

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“…In animals, a specific gene expression profile has been shown in both brain tissue and blood following ischemic stroke [6][7][8][9]. In humans, brain tissue is rarely available.…”

Section: Ribonucleic Acid (Rna) Biomarkers In Ischemic Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke

2011

Self Cite

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This review provides a summary of the protein and RNA biomarkers that have been studied for the diagnosis and assessment of ischemic stroke. Many of the biomarkers identified relate to the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, including ischemia of CNS tissue, acute thrombosis and inflammatory response. These biomarkers are summarized by their intended clinical application in ischemic stroke including diagnosis, prediction of stroke severity and outcome, and stratification of patients for stroke therapy. Among the biomarkers discussed are recent whole genome studies using RNA expression profiles to diagnose ischemic stroke and stroke etiology. Though many candidate blood based biomarkers for ischemic stroke have been identified, none are currently used in clinical practice. With further well designed study and careful validation, the development of blood biomarkers to improve the care of patients with ischemic stroke may be achieved.

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Genomic responses of the brain to ischemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, kainate seizures, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia

Cited by 204 publications

References 153 publications

Cocaine-Induced Intracellular Signaling and Gene Expression Are Oppositely Regulated by the Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptors

Cocaine-Induced Intracellular Signaling and Gene Expression Are Oppositely Regulated by the Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptors

Metallothioneins and brain injury: What transgenic mice tell us

Blood Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke

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