Genomic Structure, Chromosomal Location, and Evolution of the Mouse Hox 8 Gene

Bell, Jeffrey R.; Noveen, Alexander; Liu, Yi Hsin; Ma, Liang; Dobias, Sonia L.; Kundu, Ramendra K.; Luo, Wen; Xia, Yu‐Rong; Lusis, Aldens J.; Snead, Malcolm L.; Maxson, Rob

doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1149

Cited by 56 publications

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“…This finding was subsequently confirmed in a separate study [23]. MSX2, a homeobox-containing transcription factor, belongs to the highly conserved and widely expressed msh family [24][25][26]. MSX2 has been described as a transcription repressor, but emerging evidence suggests that it can also activate downstream target genes [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

MSX2 mediates entry of human pluripotent stem cells into mesendoderm by simultaneously suppressing SOX2 and activating NODAL signaling

Zhang

et al. 2015

Cell Res

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

MSX2 mediates entry of human pluripotent stem cells into mesendoderm by simultaneously suppressing SOX2 and activating NODAL signaling

Zhang

et al. 2015

Cell Res

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“…The NH 2 -terminal initiator methionine with the Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-AspAsp-Lys FLAG motif and Msx2 deletions were introduced by sequential polymerase chain reaction with a Perkins-Elmer model 9600 thermal cycler (Foster City, CA), as described previously (19; for Msx2 residue numbering, see Ref. 21 and GenBank S60698). Msx2 variants were cloned into the KpnI-BamHI site in pcDNA3 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-selective Inhibition of Rat Osteocalcin Promoter Induction and Protein-DNA Interactions by the Homeodomain Repressor Msx2

Newberry

Boudreaux

Towler

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Osteocalcin (OC) is a matrix calcium-binding protein expressed in osteoblasts and odontoblasts undergoing mineralization. OC expression is up-regulated in part by signals initiated by basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), cyclic AMP or forskolin (FSK), and calcitriol via defined elements and DNA-protein interactions in the OC promoter. We identified the OC gene as a target for transcriptional suppression by Msx2, a homeodomain transcription factor that controls ossification in the developing skull. In this study, we examine the effects of Msx2 expression on OC promoter activation (luciferase reporter) by FGF2/FSK and calcitriol in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Expression of Msx2 decreases basal activity of the 1-kilobase (؊1050 to ؉32) rat OC promoter by 80%; however, the promoter is still inducible 3-fold by calcitriol. By contrast, OC promoter induction by FGF2/FSK is completely abrogated by Msx2. Because intrinsic Msx2 DNA binding activity is not required for the Msx2 suppressor function, we assessed whether Msx2 represses OC activation by regulating DNA-protein interactions at the FGF2 response element (OCFRE) and compared these interactions with those occurring at the calcitriol response element (VDRE). Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with FGF2/FSK or calcitriol up-regulates specific DNAprotein interactions at the OCFRE or VDRE, respectively, as detected by gel shift assay. Preincubation of crude nuclear extracts with recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Msx2 dose-dependently inhibits OCFRE DNA binding activity, whereas GST has no effect. Msx2 itself does not bind the OCFRE. Residues 132-148 required for Msx2 core suppressor function in transfection assays are also required to inhibit OCFRE DNA binding activity. By contrast, GST-Msx2 has no effect on calcitriol-regulated DNA-protein interactions at the VDRE. Using gel shift as an assay, the OCFRE DNA-binding protein OCFREB was purified to about 50% homogeneity from MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Recombinant Msx2 inhibits purified OCFREB DNA binding activity, whereas the Msx2 variant lacking residues 132-148 is inactive. Thus, Msx2 abrogates up-regulation of the OC promoter by FGF2/FSK in part by inhibiting OCFREB binding to the OCFRE.

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“…The Msx gene family (reviewed in Davidson, 1995) consists of three physically unlinked members in the mammalian genome (Holland, 1991;Monaghan et al, 1991;Bell et al, 1993) and was originally identified (Hill et al, 1989;Robert et al, 1989) (Holland, 1991;Akimenko et al, 1995). The third murine family member, Msx3, has been found to be expressed only in the dorsal neural tube, resembling the expression pattern of the prototypical Drosophila msh gene (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996;Shimeld et al, 1996;Wang et al, 1996).…”

Section: (V) the Role Of Msx Genes In Odontogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Control of Early Tooth Development

Maas

Bei

1997

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

209

153

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Most vertebrate organs begin their initial formation by a common, developmentally conserved pattern of inductive tissue interactions between two tissues. The developing tooth germ is a prototype for such inductive tissue interactions and provides a powerful experimental system for elucidation of the genetic pathways involved in organogenesis. Members Msxl is required for the transmission of Bmp4 expression from dental epithelium to mesenchyme and also for Lefi expression.In addition, we consider the role of other signaling molecules in the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions leading to tooth formation, the role that transcription factors such as Msx play in the propagation of inductive signals, and the role of extracellular matrix. Last, as a unifying mechanism to explain the disparate tooth phenotypes in Msxl-and Msx2-deficient mice, we propose that later steps in tooth morphogenesis molecularly resemble those in early tooth development. )from a series of instructive and permissive cell-cell interactions (Saxen, 1977a;Wessells, 1977). The determination of the mesoderm and neural plate in vertebrate embryos is referred to as primary induction (Spemann and Mangold, 1924), and is followed by a series of secondary inductive events which further regulate embryonic organ development. Over the last decade, the application of molecular biology to problems in vertebrate development has revealed a considerable amount of information about the nature of the inductive signals which are exchanged between tissue layers during inductive tissue interactions (reviewed in Jessell and Melton, 1992;Kessler and Melton, 1994). This review focuses specifically on the genetic hierarchies which appear to operate during early tooth development, on the nature of the inductive signals which are exchanged between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme, and on the role that one particular class of transcription factors, those belonging to the Msx family of homeobox genes, plays in controlling these inductive tissue interactions. Several excellent recent reviews on tooth development are also available (Ruch, 1995;Sharpe, 1995;Thesleff et al., 1995a Thesleff et al., ,b, 1996 Thesleff and Sahlberg, 1996), and a "tooth gene expression database" is also available on the Internet (http://honeybee.helsinki.fi/toothexp).The dentition not only constitutes a major component of the mammalian craniofacial system, but also provides a powerful and potentially general model for the study of organ development. The possibility of in vitro cultivation, access to cytological and molecular studies, the clear delineation of epithelial and mesenchymal components, the easily distinguished characteristics of ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and the anteroposterior, position-dependent pattern of dentition make the devel-4

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Genomic Structure, Chromosomal Location, and Evolution of the Mouse Hox 8 Gene

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

MSX2 mediates entry of human pluripotent stem cells into mesendoderm by simultaneously suppressing SOX2 and activating NODAL signaling

MSX2 mediates entry of human pluripotent stem cells into mesendoderm by simultaneously suppressing SOX2 and activating NODAL signaling

Stimulus-selective Inhibition of Rat Osteocalcin Promoter Induction and Protein-DNA Interactions by the Homeodomain Repressor Msx2

The Genetic Control of Early Tooth Development

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