Genomics of Root Development

Parizot, Boris; Beeckman, Tom

doi:10.1002/9781118447093.ch1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Consequently, it is very likely that it evolved from existing pathways present in a common ancestor and was conserved throughout evolution. Indeed, common potential regulators of lateral root initiation have been found in different species 17,18 .…”

Section: Application Of the Lris To Perform Comparative Transcriptomimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Root Inducible System in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and Maize

Crombez

Roberts

Vangheluwe

et al. 2016

JoVE

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Lateral root development contributes significantly to the root system, and hence is crucial for plant growth. The study of lateral root initiation is however tedious, because it occurs only in a few cells inside the root and in an unpredictable manner. To circumvent this problem, a Lateral Root Inducible System (LRIS) has been developed. By treating seedlings consecutively with an auxin transport inhibitor and a synthetic auxin, highly controlled lateral root initiation occurs synchronously in the primary root, allowing abundant sampling of a desired developmental stage. The LRIS has first been developed for Arabidopsis thaliana, but can be applied to other plants as well. Accordingly, it has been adapted for use in maize (Zea mays). A detailed overview of the different steps of the LRIS in both plants is given. The combination of this system with comparative transcriptomics made it possible to identify functional homologs of Arabidopsis lateral root initiation genes in other species as illustrated here for the CYCLIN B1;1 (CYCB1;1) cell cycle gene in maize. Finally, the principles that need to be taken into account when an LRIS is developed for other plant species are discussed.

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Section: Application Of the Lris To Perform Comparative Transcriptomimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Root Inducible System in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and Maize

Crombez

Roberts

Vangheluwe

et al. 2016

JoVE

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“…It is well established that root development is regulated by cross-talk between plant hormones, with auxin being a master regulator (Parizot and Beeckman, 2013). Local auxin accumulation at the root apex is central to its action in root growth (Tanaka et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of the Poplar-Laccaria bicolor Ectomycorrhiza Modifies Root Auxin Metabolism, Signaling, and Response

et al. 2015

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Root systems of host trees are known to establish ectomycorrhizae (ECM) interactions with rhizospheric fungi. This mutualistic association leads to dramatic developmental modifications in root architecture, with the formation of numerous short and swollen lateral roots ensheathed by a fungal mantle. Knowing that auxin plays a crucial role in root development, we investigated how auxin metabolism, signaling, and response are affected in poplar (Populus spp.)-Laccaria bicolor ECM roots. The plant-fungus interaction leads to the arrest of lateral root growth with simultaneous attenuation of the synthetic auxin response element DR5. Measurement of auxin-related metabolites in the free-living partners revealed that the mycelium of L. bicolor produces high concentrations of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Metabolic profiling showed an accumulation of IAA and changes in the indol-3-pyruvic acid-dependent IAA biosynthesis and IAA conjugation and degradation pathways during ECM formation. The global analysis of auxin response gene expression and the regulation of AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX PROTEIN5, AUXIN/IAA, and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR expression in ECM roots suggested that symbiosis-dependent auxin signaling is activated during the colonization by L. bicolor. Taking all this evidence into account, we propose a model in which auxin signaling plays a crucial role in the modification of root growth during ECM formation.

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“…18 Before initiation of LRs, pericycle cells have to be re-activated from the stem-pericycle cell group, which is effected by both endogenous and external signals. [19][20][21] Although cereals may share a common pathway controlling LR initiation via the division of pericycle and endodermis cells with A. thaliana, 1,24 the formation of LRs in cereals is primarily regulated by alternative root-type-specific pathways. 22,23 However, knowledge of LR initiation in cereals is largely derived from studies of mutants, and all mutants exhibiting LR phenotypes show these only in embryonic roots.…”

Section: The Initiation Of Lateral Roots-differences Between Plant Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights to lateral rooting: Differential responses to heterogeneous nitrogen availability among maize root types

White

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Historical domestication and the "Green revolution" have both contributed to the evolution of modern, high-performance crops. Together with increased irrigation and application of chemical fertilizers, these efforts have generated sufficient food for the growing global population. Root architecture, and in particular root branching, plays an important role in the acquisition of water and nutrients, plant performance, and crop yield. Better understanding of root growth and responses to the belowground environment could contribute to overcoming the challenges faced by agriculture today. Manipulating the abilities of crop root systems to explore and exploit the soil environment could enable plants to make the most of soil resources, increase stress tolerance and improve grain yields, while simultaneously reducing environmental degradation. In this article it is noted that the control of root branching, and the responses of root architecture to nitrate availability, differ between root types and between plant species. Since the control of root branching depends upon both plant species and root type, further work is urgently required to determine the appropriate genes to manipulate to improve resource acquisition by specific crops.

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Genomics of Root Development

Cited by 6 publications

References 203 publications

Lateral Root Inducible System in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and Maize

Lateral Root Inducible System in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and Maize

Development of the Poplar-Laccaria bicolor Ectomycorrhiza Modifies Root Auxin Metabolism, Signaling, and Response

New insights to lateral rooting: Differential responses to heterogeneous nitrogen availability among maize root types

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