Genotoxic effects induced by the exposure to an environmental mixture of illicit drugs to the zebra mussel

Parolini, Marco; Magni, Stefano; Castiglioni, Sara; Binelli, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.022

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Considering an ACR equal to 10 3 and the EC50 of BE on nematodes evaluated in this work (0.6 ppm), a chronic toxic effect could be observed on nematodes at the BE concentration equal to 0.6 ppb. The predicted MATC value is in agreement with the results previously reported [13][14][15] regarding the negative effect of BE contaminated water solutions (0.5 and 1.0 ppb) on Dreissena polymorpha. Moreover, the ecotoxicity and genotoxicity tests carried out with the sample withdrawn at tf suggest, considering the same ACR value, that it is possible that the by-products, deriving by the UV 254 /H 2 O 2 , treatment of a solution containing BE at the concentration of 1 ppb, could exert a negative chronic effect on living organisms.…”

Section: Reply: Ee Kenaga [70] Summarized 125 Acute Chronic Ratio (supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Reply: As also suggested by Reviewer #1, we added an additional reference regarding the BE genotoxic effect on zebra mussel (Parolini et al, 2016), reference 13 th .…”

Section: Reviewer #2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure of freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, to BE contaminated water solutions (0.5 and 1.0 ppb), yielded a 3.5-fold increase in oxidative stress and increased or inhibited antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes activity depending on BE levels and exposure time [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Removal of benzoylecgonine from water matrices through UV254/H2O2 process: Reaction kinetic modeling, ecotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment

Spasiano

Russo

Vaccaro

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Reply: Ee Kenaga [70] Summarized 125 Acute Chronic Ratio (supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Reply: As also suggested by Reviewer #1, we added an additional reference regarding the BE genotoxic effect on zebra mussel (Parolini et al, 2016), reference 13 th .…”

Section: Reviewer #2mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Removal of benzoylecgonine from water matrices through UV254/H2O2 process: Reaction kinetic modeling, ecotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment

Spasiano

Russo

Vaccaro

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…They concluded that cocaine is genotoxic and genotoxicity increased by increasing the concentration of drug. Parolini et al (2016) studied the genotoxicity of illicit drugs including cocaine, morphine and some others on zebra mussel. Results showed that this mixture caused DNA fragmentation, micronuclei formation, genotoxicity and triggered apoptotic process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and repair capability of Mus musculus DNA following the oral exposure to Tramadol

Ali

Rafiq

Mubarik

et al. 2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Tramadol is an analgesic and psychoactive drug that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. The aim of present study was to analyze the genotoxicity and repair capability of DNA after Tramadol exposure in albino mice (Mus musculus). For this purpose, forty mice were divided equally into four groups as; a control group (without drug) and three treatment groups that were treated with three doses of Tramadol as minimum dose group, Intermediate dose group and maximum dose group, corresponding to 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg of body weight respectively. The dose was given orally for 15 days. After 15 days peripheral blood was drawn from half mice of each group and subjected to comet assay. While the remaining half mice were given a recovery period of 15 days and same procedure was used for blood collection and comet assay. Significant difference in various comet parameters was observed among control and exposed groups. Maximum damage was observed at highest concentration 75 mg/kg of Tramadol and minimum damage was observed at dose 25 mg/kg of Tramadol, while results of repaired mice group showed that repair capability of Tramadol was minor and recovery of Tramadol required a lot of time. It can be concluded that Tramadol cause genotoxicity that is dose dependent and has low repair capability.

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“…Even if BE concentration in the natural environment is low (for instance, 316 ng/L in one study) (10), the potential adverse effects on non-target organisms cannot be ignored. A mixture of illicit drugs containing 300 ng/L BE could alter the oxidative status of the zebra mussels, causing genetic damage and oxidative stress (12,13). A more recent study Figure 1 Benzoylecgonine is the main toxic metabolite of cocaine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-lethal toxicity and elimination of the cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine: a narrative review

et al. 2021

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Cocaine abuse is a serious global public health and social problem, and cocaine detoxification remains a challenge. Benzoylecgonine (BE) is the main toxic metabolite after cocaine consumption, with a longer retention time in the body and environment than cocaine itself. According to many studies, the toxicity of BE to humans is as significant as cocaine itself. Moreover, BE is recognized as an addictive drug contaminant in the environment, especially the freshwater system, leading to worries of its ecotoxicity.Extensive studies on the adverse effects of BE on both humans and ecology have been conducted, showing a marked sub-lethal toxicity of BE to diverse organisms. To eliminate BE in vivo and in vitro, various elimination methods have been developed and their BE removal capacity were evaluated. In this review, we aimed to summarize information in the literature to understand better BE toxicity and elimination that may facilitate the clinical treatment of cocaine abuse. By studying the critical role of BE in cocaine abuse, we propose that the ideal treatment for cocaine abuse should not only detoxify cocaine itself but also remove or degrade BE. Emphasizing the necessity of developing effective BE elimination methods is significant for the development of potential clinical treatments and environmental protections.

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Genotoxic effects induced by the exposure to an environmental mixture of illicit drugs to the zebra mussel

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Removal of benzoylecgonine from water matrices through UV254/H2O2 process: Reaction kinetic modeling, ecotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment

Removal of benzoylecgonine from water matrices through UV254/H2O2 process: Reaction kinetic modeling, ecotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment

Genotoxicity and repair capability of Mus musculus DNA following the oral exposure to Tramadol

Sub-lethal toxicity and elimination of the cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine: a narrative review

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