Genotoxicity and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by hexavalent chromium inCyprinus carpioafterin vivoexposure

Abstract

Fish, being an important native of the aquatic ecosystem, are exposed to multipollution states and are therefore considered as model organisms for ecotoxicological studies of aquatic pollutants, including metal toxicity. We investigated oxidative stress (OS) in liver, kidney and gill tissues through antioxidant enzyme activities and genotoxicity induced in whole blood and gill tissues through comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test in Cyprinus carpio after 96-hour in vivo static exposure to potassium dichromate at three sublethal (SL) test concentrations, including SL-I [93.95 mg/L, i.e. one quarter of half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50)], SL-II (187.9 mg/L, i.e. one half of LC50), and SL-III (281.85 mg/L, i.e. three quarters of LC50), along with a control. The 96-hour LC50 value for potassium dichromate was estimated to be 375.8 mg/L in a static system in the test species. Tissues samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours postexposure. Results indicated that the exposed fish experienced OS as characterized by significant (p < 0.05) variation in antioxidant enzyme activities, as compared to the control. Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas activity of catalase decreased with the progression of the experiment. The mean percent DNA damage in comet tail and MN induction in gills and whole blood showed a concentration-dependent increase up to 96-hour exposure. The findings of this study would be helpful in organ-specific risk assessment of Cr(VI)-induced OS and genotoxicity in fishes.

The Comet Assay and its applications in the field of ecotoxicology: a mature tool that continues to expand its perspectives

“…All fish blood cells are nucleated which also represents an important practical advantage (comparing to mammals) for the assessment of genomic integrity. Nevertheless, other somatic tissues like liver, kidney and gills have been also frequently addressed (Guilherme et al, 2012b ; Kumar et al, 2013 ; Velma and Tchounwou, 2013 ), as well as germ cells (Pérez-Cerezales et al, 2010 ). It is recognized that DNA strand breakage can be tissue- and cell-type-specific (Pandey et al, 2006 ).…”

Does the presence of microplastics influence the acute toxicity of chromium(VI) to early juveniles of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps)? A study with juveniles from two wild estuarine populations

“…In fish, Cr(VI) has the ability to enter into the cells and react with intracellular components, liberating unstable radicals which can induce oxidative stress, among other toxic effects (Ahmad et al, 2006). In previous studies with other fish species, Cr(VI) was found to induce oxidative stress after acute exposure (Dogan et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2013;Pacheco et al, 2013). The role of GST enzymes on the anti-oxidant response of fish to chromium-induced oxidative stress is not yet completely understood.…”

“…The LC 50 s determined in the present study (Table 2) compare with corresponding values found in the literature for other fish species. For example, potassium dichromate 96 h-LC 50 s of 35.7 mg/l and 375.8 mg/l were calculated for the freshwater stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Ahmed et al, 2013), and the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Kumar et al, 2013), respectively, whereas the 96 h-LC50 of Cr(VI) to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) was 39.4 mg/l (Domingues et al, 2010). The effects of Cr(VI) on the predatory performance and selected subindividual biomarkers of early P. microps juveniles are shown in Table 3.…”

Evaluation of effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on acute potassium dichromate toxicity and genotoxicity in rats

“…There are some reports investigating the genotoxicity of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . [ 24 25 26 ] In a study which is performed in Cyprinus carpio , it has been noted that genotoxicity induced by K 2 Cr 2 O 7 indicated a concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage. [ 24 ] Kaya et al .…”