Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium enriched mixture cements on L929 mouse fibroblast cells

Abstract

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has shown good biocompatibility in several studies. In the present study, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of calcium enriched mixture (CEM) were evaluated compared with MTA using MTT and single-cell gel (comet) assays with serial ascending concentrations (0 to 1,000 µg/mL) of tested materials. Cytotoxicity data indicated that there is no significant difference between CEM and MTA at all concentrations except for the full concentration (1,000 µg/mL); CEM had lower cytotoxicity. Genotoxic effects were more evident with CEM at concentrations of 15.6 and 250 µg/mL; however, was less than that of MTA at concentrations of 500 and 1,000 µg/mL. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of the two experimental groups generally increased with consistency. Under the conditions of this study, CEM is biocompatible in terms of cyto-and genotoxicity. It appears to be an alternative to MTA as an endodontic biomaterial offering several advantages.

Tissue reactions after subcutaneous and intraosseous implantation of iRoot SP, MTA and AH Plus

“…Another favorite root-end filling material is ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA), which has good sealing capacity, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility 5) . However, its drawbacks include difficult handling characteristics, long setting time, and the potential for tooth discoloration associated with the leaching of trace metals from the material 6,7) .…”

Genotoxicity Induced by Dental Materials: A Comprehensive Review

“…Mineral trioxide aggregate cements based on calcium silicate were not found to be potentially genotoxic (55). Nevertheless, calcium-enriched mixtures were genotoxic at concentrations of 15.6 and 250 μg/ml; however, this was less than that of mineral trioxide aggregate (73). Resin sealer based on mineral trioxide aggregate, such as AH Plus and Fillapex MTA sealer, induced micronucleus formation in vitro (81,82).…”

“…After searching the literature, the consensus seems that mineral trioxide presents good biocompatibility because no studies have shown genotoxicity to be induced by mineral trioxide aggregate in mammalian cells. For example, neither mineral trioxide aggregate nor Portland cement produced genotoxic effects in vitro (71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78). This finding was confirmed when human peripheral blood cells were exposed to mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cements, the evaluation of genotoxicity being conducted by comet assay (79,80).…”

Novel Bioceramic Root Repair Materials: Review of the Literature

“…According to the majority of this research, there is no statistically significant difference in terms of cytotoxicity between MTA and Biodentine [8], Calcium Enriched Mixture [29], BioAggregate [8] or EndoSequence [30]. However, the research by Jang et al [8] reveals that in comparison to MTA and BioAggregate, Biodentine releases significantly higher amounts of heavy metals (arsenic, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) when soaked in distilled water.…”