Genotoxicity: damage to DNA and its consequences

Phillips, David H.; Arlt, Volker M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8336-7_4

Cited by 113 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…A germ cell mutagen is an agent that induces (heritable) mutations in germ cells. Detection and characterization of DNA adducts formed by the germ cell mutagens provide evidence to the etiology of the developmental abnormalities and cancer induction in the offsprings (Phillips and Arlt 2009). Our data showed that the wastewater constituents were capable of interacting with the genetic processes involved in spermatogenesis in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Tobacco Industry Wastewater–Induced Genotoxicity in Mice Using the Bone Marrow Micronucleus and Sperm Morphology Assays

et al. 2014

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SummaryThe tobacco industry is one of the biggest industries in the world. Large quantities of wastewater are generated during processing and cigarette-making which may be toxic to the environment and public health. In this study, the potential genotoxicity of tobacco wastewater was evaluated using mice bone marrow micronucleus and sperm morphology assays. The wastewater was considered at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% (v/v, wastewater/distilled water). There was concentration-dependent induction of micronucleated erythrocytes at all tested concentrations, with significant (p<0.05) induction at 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations compared to the negative control. Assessment of sperm shape showed a significant increase in sperm abnormalities with significant decrease in mean sperm count in treated groups. Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Co analysed in the wastewater contributed significantly to these observations. This shows that tobacco wastewater constituents are capable of inducing somatic and germ cell mutations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Tobacco Industry Wastewater–Induced Genotoxicity in Mice Using the Bone Marrow Micronucleus and Sperm Morphology Assays

et al. 2014

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“…Cancer is a multistage process characterized by a series of genetic alterations that result in the loss of cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation control [8]. These genetic alterations include somatic mutations in DNA that may arise as a result of the action of either endogenous (e.g., reactive oxygen species) or exogenous (e.g., environmental carcinogens) agents [9].…”

Section: Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Fingerprints of Environmental Carcinogens in Human Cancer

Ceccaroli

Pulliero

Geretto

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C

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Identification of specific molecular changes (fingerprints) is important to identify cancer etiology. Exploitable biomarkers are related to DNA, epigenetics, and proteins. DNA adducts are the turning point between environmental exposures and biological damage. DNA mutational fingerprints are induced by carcinogens in tumor suppressor and oncogenes. In an epigenetic domain, methylation changes occurs in specific genes for arsenic, benzene, chromium, and cigarette smoke. Alteration of specific microRNA has been reported for environmental carcinogens. Benzo(a)pyrene, cadmium, coal, and wood dust hits specific heat-shock proteins and metalloproteases. The multiple analysis of these biomarkers provides information on the carcinogenic mechanisms activated by exposure to environmental carcinogens.

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“…There is a wide variety in de novo human germline mutations, and these can include duplications or deletions of various size, as well as alterations in the number of chromosomes (Arnheim & Calabrese, 2009). The frequency of de novo mutations in germ-line cells increases with parental age, and can also be caused by environmental factors such as radiation exposure (Sasaki, 2006), genotoxic chemicals (Phillips & Arlt, 2009), or congenital viral infections (Ansari & Mason, 1977;Fortunato & Spector, 2003;Nusbacher et al, 1967;Vijaya-Lakshmi et al, 1999).…”

Section: Heritability Of Complex Human Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%