Genotoxicity in Astyanax bimaculatus (Twospot Astyanax) Exposed to the Waters of Engano River (Brazil) as Determined by Micronucleus Tests in Erythrocytes

Abstract

Changes in aquatic environments are potentially large, and effects on biota are highly variable. In Santa Catarina State, Brazil, the main sources of pollution in headwaters are wastewater, pesticides, and animal waste, which contain chemical and organic additives, and there is little knowledge about their effects on aquatic organisms. This study was aimed at investigating the possible genotoxic effects of the waters of the Engano River through the micronucleus (MN) test in Astyanax bimaculatus erythrocytes. Samplings were performed at two sites on the river, and there were six temporal repetitions with collection of blood from six individuals per site/repetition. For the negative-control treatment, we used fish from organic culture; cyclophosphamide was inoculated to constitute the positive-control treatment. MN was obtained in 3,000 erythrocytes/individual. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, Scott-Knott test, and Spearman correlation were employed for data analysis. We found 124 MN in fish from the river, with 70 and 54 MN, respectively, for each site and 16 and 59 MN in negative and positive controls, respectively. The results showed a statistical difference for the formation of MN between river fish and fish in the positive-control treatment. Considering the average MN, we found the formation of three distinct groups: (1) fish from site no. 1 and those in the negative-control group, (2) fish from site no. 2, and (3) fish in the positive-control group. The greater values of chromosomal damage were found during periods of lower rainfall. The test used indicated the presence in the water of substances likely to cause clastogenic and aneugenic effects.

Microbiological quality and genotoxic potential of surface water located above the Guarani aquifer

“…The alterations generated could be associated with the presence of manure with high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, metals as aluminum, zinc and copper (Egito et al 2007) or the presence of pesticides (Bogoni et al 2014). Water from Suruvi river was not evaluated by the characterization of chemical compounds; however, it is still possible to affirm that this water contains toxic compounds that may potentially impact the aquatic ecosystem.…”

“…In case of wastewaters, these may contain enteric pathogens, and the agricultural defensives contain chemical and organic additives. Both can contribute to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems with a wide range of toxic agents, heavy metals, pesticides, and organic compounds (Ohe et al 2004;Vanzella et al 2007), which could cause mutation and damages in the DNA of exposed organisms, representing risk to human and animal health (Techio et al 2011;Bogoni et al 2014).…”

Revisão sistemática: toxicidade do herbicida glifosato com contaminação in vivo em peixes

“…Os ecossistemas aquáticos, são considerados os mais relevantes receptores desses Research, Society andDevelopment, v. 9, n. 9, e98996711, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6711 contaminantes, podendo gerar consequências a curto (efeito agudo), médio (subcrônico) e longo prazo (crônico), causando letalidade em massa nas populações aquáticas, o que é menos frequente, ou ocasionar diversos efeitos em todos os níveis da organização biológica, (Rand et al, 1995;Rebelo et al, 2010;Bogoni et al, 2014).…”

Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes of a paddy field in Southern of Brazil

“…Palavras-chave: biomonitoramento; peixe; mercúrio; contaminação; bioma Pampa. Flores-Lopes & Thomaz, 2011;Schulz & Martins-Junior, 2001), micronucleus genotoxicity tests (Bogoni et al, 2014;Pantaleão et al, 2006) comet assay (Ramsdorf et al, 2012), and also hepatic porphyrin (Carrasco-Letelier et al, 2006). The Astyanax sp and Corydoras paleatus are widely found in paddies in Southern Brazil, and are a food source to a large number of birds and mammals that use the paddy as a feeding area.…”