Genotoxicity of antimicrobial endodontic compounds by single cell gel (comet) assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells

Morphological and biochemical changes during formocresol induced cell death in murine peritoneal macrophages: apoptotic and necrotic features

“…Nevertheless, studies using lymphoma cell line and cultured human fibroblast exposed to different dilutions of FC similar to clinical doses did not produce detectable DNA damage and genotoxicity (Ribeiro et al 2005(Ribeiro et al , 2006Da Silva et al 2007).…”

Genotoxicity Induced by Dental Materials: A Comprehensive Review

“…The results showed that formocresol significantly increased DNA damage (55). Others have demonstrated absence of genotoxic effects induced by formocresol, p-monoclorofenol and calcium hydroxide in the same cellular type in vitro (56)(57)(58). Calcium hydroxide pastes caused DNA damage as depicted by comet assay as a result of oxidative stress (59).…”

“…Chlorhexidine caused DNA damage in vitro (59,62,63) but also presented genotoxic potential in terms of total mutations per wing in the D. melanogaster wing-spot test (64). Others have demonstrated that chlorhexidine does not induce genetic damage in vitro (57,65). Nevertheless, chlorhexidine is potent at causing genotoxic damage in several tissues and organs, such as liver, kidney and oral mucosa cells in vivo (66)(67)(68)(69).…”

The obsolescence of formocresol

“…Strangely, much of Ribeiro's work with in vitro single cell gel (comet) assay indicates little if any genetic damage by formocresol, and he is quoted in recent articles. [26][27][28] However, Hagiwara, using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells, found that the percentages of cells with chromosomal aberrations, polyploidy or endoreduplication were increased by formocresol.…”