Genotoxicity of inhalational anesthetics and its relationship with the polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 genes

Assessment of Adaptive Response of Gamma Radiation in the Operating Room Personnel Exposed to Anesthetic Gases by Measuring the Relative Gene Expression Changes Ku80, Ligase1 and P53

“…Moreover, the micronucleus (MN) induction and chromosomal abnormalities in these staff are reported with significant increase compared to the control group. This matter can be a result of extensive application of anesthetic gases, undesirable ventilation and scavenging systems, leakage of anesthetic devices and patients' mask, and high flow rate of anesthetic gases in the operating room [16]. In the present study, Lig1 expression in the operating room personnel in before irradiation had significantly increased compared to the control group.…”

Waste anesthetic gases have a significant association with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 2,732 participants

“…Meanwhile, studies that carried out micronuclei formation assay was divided into two groups, namely buccal [ 9 , 25 , 34 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 49 ] and lymphocyte micronuclei [ [33] , [34] , [35] , 37 , 38 , 41 , 50 , 51 ]. Chromosomal aberrations are also reported in eight studies [ 25 , [28] , [29] , [30] , 42 , 47 , 48 , 50 ]. Other parameters are γH2AX/β-actin ratio [ 27 ] and relative telomere length [ 45 , 49 ].…”

“… Izdes et al (2010) [ 24 ] Case-control Turkey 40/40 0/40 36.8 ± 5.7 14.5 ± 6.6 D, I, N, S NA 9/40 22/40 NA 14. Kargar-Shouroki et al (2019) [ 42 ] Cross-sectional Iran 60/60 10/60 36.17 ± 7.36 10.95 ± 5.58 I, N, S 20.75 ± 2.8 30/60 NA NA 15. Kargar-Shouroki et al (2022) [ 35 ] Cross-sectional Iran 45/45 45/45 37.73 ± 6.91 12.36 ± 6.3 N NA 19/45 5/45 NA 16.…”

“…There are seven types of gases reported across the investigations in the operating room environment, including Isoflurane (20 studies), Sevoflurane (20 studies), Nitrous oxide (19 studies), Halothane (7 studies), Desflurane (5 studies), Enflurane (2 studies), and Sodium pentothal (1 study). Regrettably ten investigations [ 9 , 31 , 35 , 37 , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] ] found that the regular exposure limit for nitrous oxide (25 ppm time-weighted average/TWA) was exceeded the recommendation from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and six studies [ 9 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 ] found that the daily exposure limit for halogenated anesthetics (2 ppm) was breached. Meanwhile, fourteen studies did not report any information on WAGs concentration [ 4 , [24] , [25] , [26] , [28] , [29] , [30] , 32 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 47 , 48 ].…”

“…Furthermore, we also found that approximately half of the included studies have higher than recommended level of WAGs than the guideline announced by the , with the recommended daily exposure limit on the concentration of WAGs in the operating room to minimize risk of occupational exposure was 25 ppm for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and 2 ppm for halogen anesthetics such as halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane [ 56 ]. The problem of WAGs level were found particularly in N 2 O [ 32 ] which exceeds the predetermined threshold [ 9 , 31 , 35 , 37 , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] ]. Thus, it is recommended to use a scavenging system in the operating room to reduce levels of anesthetic gas waste and prevent potential health problems [ 57 ] However, the application of this system is still difficult in the developing countries, so other preventive measures must be taken.…”