Genotype and environment interact to control dormancy and differential expression of the <i>VIVIPAROUS</i> 1 homologue in embryos of <i>Avena fatua</i>

Jones, Huw; Peters, N. C. B.; Holdsworth, Michael J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.12040911.x

Cited by 91 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…The Viviparous 1 family of transcription factors has been shown previously to be highly conserved in flowering plants (5,6). We used the Avena fatua orthologue (AfVp1) as a probe to identify Vp-1 transcripts in mature wheat embryos (data not shown) and to clone cDNAs representing TaVp1 mRNAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other evidence shows that ABA levels in embryos are similar in both sprouting sensitive and resistant cultivars and that sprouting behavior is more related to the extent of ABA responsiveness of embryos (36). Analysis of transgenic wheat embryos showed that dormancy levels measured as increased ABA responsiveness could be manipulated via expression of the Vp1 orthologue AfVp1, previously implicated in the regulation of the high levels of embryo dormancy in A. fatua (5). As predicted from vp1 and abi3 mutant studies, inhibition of germination of AfVp1 transgenic wheat embryos is more responsive to ABA than the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orthologues of Vp1 have been cloned from rice [Osvp1 (4)], wild oat [AfVp1 (5)], and several dicotyledonous species such as Arabidopsis [ABI3 (6)] and poplar [PtABI3 (7)]. Vp1 homeologues have been mapped in wheat to the long arms of the group 3 chromosomes at a location conserved relative to Vp1 in maize and Osvp1 in rice (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…PHS is similar to the maize vp1 phenotype in the sense that embryos germinate while still attached to the mother plant. In wild oat, expression of AfVp1 is controlled by interactions between the environment and the seed genotype such that there is a strong correlation between the AfVp1 mRNA content and the dormancy of the seed (5). Therefore changes in the environment can affect the level of Vp1 gene expression, which is associated with a transition from embryo development to germination.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transcripts of Vp - 1 homeologues are misspliced in modern wheat and ancestral species

McKibbin

Wilkinson

Bailey

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

154

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The maize (Zea mays) Viviparous 1 (Vp1) transcription factor has been shown previously to be a major regulator of seed development, simultaneously activating embryo maturation and repressing germination. Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) caryopses are characterized by relatively weak embryo dormancy and are susceptible to preharvest sprouting (PHS), a phenomenon that is phenotypically similar to the maize vp1 mutation. Analysis of Vp-1 transcript structure in wheat embryos during grain development showed that each homeologue produces cytoplasmic mRNAs of different sizes. The majority of transcripts are spliced incorrectly, contain insertions of intron sequences or deletions of coding region, and do not have the capacity to encode full-length proteins. Several VP-1-related lower molecular weight protein species were present in wheat embryo nuclei. Embryos of a closely related tetraploid species (Triticum turgidum) and ancestral diploids also contained misspliced Vp-1 transcripts that were structurally similar or identical to those found in modern hexaploid wheat, which suggests that compromised structure and expression of Vp-1 transcripts in modern wheat are inherited from ancestral species. Developing embryos from transgenic wheat grains expressing the Avena fatua Vp1 gene showed enhanced responsiveness to applied abscisic acid compared with the control. In addition, ripening ears of transgenic plants were less susceptible to PHS. Our results suggest that missplicing of wheat Vp-1 genes contributes to susceptibility to PHS in modern hexaploid wheat varieties and identifies a possible route to increase resistance to this environmentally triggered disorder.T he Viviparous1 (Vp1) gene is a major regulator of late embryo development in maize. Inactivation of this locus leads to disruption of embryo maturation, resulting in the promotion of germination of embryos while still attached to the cob (vivipary). The phenotypes of vp1 mutants show that this locus performs two distinct functions: to promote embryo maturation and embryo dormancy and simultaneously to repress germination (1, 2). Specific genes and enzyme activities have been identified that are activated or repressed by Vp1 in vivo. Expression of several enzymes (3) and maturation-related genes (4) is reduced in the mutants including those encoding seed-storage proteins and diverse LEA (late embryogenesis-abundant) proteins (1). On the other hand, ␣-amylase activity increases in the same mutants during aleurone maturation (3). These observations indicate a bifunctional role for Vp1 in regulating the balance between the activation of embryo-maturation genes and the repression of germinative hydrolases during kernel development and maturation.Orthologues of Vp1 have been cloned from rice [Osvp1 (4)], wild oat [AfVp1 (5)], and several dicotyledonous species such as Arabidopsis [ABI3 (6)] and poplar [PtABI3 (7)]. Vp1 homeologues have been mapped in wheat to the long arms of the group 3 chromosomes at a location conserved relative to Vp1 in maize and Osvp1 ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcripts of Vp - 1 homeologues are misspliced in modern wheat and ancestral species

McKibbin

Wilkinson

Bailey

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

154

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“…The gain of desiccation tolerance of orthodox seeds during their development has been correlated to different expression of genes such as ABI3, ABI5, LEC1 (Jones et al, 1997;Koornneef et al, 1984;Parcy et al, 1994;Harada, 2001), among others. The genes LEC (Leafy cotyledon) are defined by mutations in three loci in Arabidopsis, LEC1,LEC2 and FUSCA3 (FUS3) and are mainly involved on the embryo development (Harada, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial characterization of genes from the embryonic axis of Melanoxylon brauna Schott. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) seeds

Silva

Brommonschenkel

Faria

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. sementes

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-The objective of this study was to partially characterize some genes involved in the desiccation tolerance of the embryonic axis of Melanoxylon brauna seeds subjected, or not, to oven fastdrying. Seeds were initially dried rapidly in an oven at 40 ºC, 50 ºC, 60 ºC, 70 ºC, and 80 °C, for 24, 48 and 72 h and then subjected to germination tests and moisture content determination. Degenerate primers were designed for 19 genes. The CDNA was used as a template for PCR amplifications using the degenerate primers, and the PCR products obtained were purified, cloned and sequenced. The seeds showed a gradual reduction in percent germination with increasing temperature and drying time. Nucleotide sequences of the cloned fragments related to genes CAT1, SPS1, Abi5, Transk and PM25 were obtained. The similarity analysis with the sequences deposited in databases revealed similarities with genes CAT1, SPS1, Transk and PM25 from other plant species. The nucleotide sequences obtained from the respective genes will be used for designing specific primers for gene expression analyses during seed germination in order to understand the causes for loss of physiological quality of Melanoxylon brauna seeds.Index terms: water, stress, drying, sequencing.Caracterização parcial de genes do eixo embrionário de sementes de Melanoxylon brauna Schott. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) RESUMO -O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar parcialmente os genes envolvidos com a tolerância à dessecação do eixo embrionário de sementes de Melanoxylon brauna submetidas ou não à secagem rápida. As sementes foram submetidas à secagem rápida em estufa nas temperaturas de 40 ºC, 50 ºC, 60 ºC, 70 ºC e 80 ºC, nos tempos de 24, 48 e 72 h e, em seguida, submetidas ao teste de germinação e determinação do grau de umidade. Foram utilizados primers degenerados para 19 genes. Os produtos de PCR obtidos foram purificados, clonados no vetor pGEM-T Easy e sequenciados. As sementes apresentaram redução gradativa na porcentagem de germinação com o aumento da temperatura e tempo de secagem. Foram obtidas as sequências dos fragmentos clonados referentes aos genes CAT1, SPS1, ABI5, Transk e PM25. A comparação das sequências obtidas com sequências depositadas em bancos de dados revelou similaridade com os genes CAT1, SPS1, Transk e PM25 de outras espécies. As sequências de nucleotídeos obtidas dos respectivos genes servirão para a confecção de oligonucleotídeos específicos para posteriores estudos de expressão gênica durante a germinação de sementes de M. brauna submetidas à secagem, visando entender as causas da perda de qualidade fisiológica dessas sementes.Termos para indexação: água, secagem, sequenciamento, estresse.

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Seed Germination

Kermode¹

2004

Handbook of Plant Biotechnology

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Seeds control the survival and reproductive capacity of plants and therefore occupy a critical position in the life history of higher plants. The successful establishment of the new plant both temporally and spatially, as well as the vigour of the young seedling, is largely determined by physiological and biochemical processes that occurred earlier, i.e. during seed development. At dispersal, the quiescent mature seed upon encountering favourable environmental conditions (that can include light of a given wavelength, sufficient water, optimal temperatures and adequate oxygen) commences germination. However, as will be discussed, under conditions that are not optimal for a transition from germination to seedling growth, seeds express genes that impose a transient ‘quiescence’ until those conditions become optimal. The agricultural and forest industries rely upon seeds that exhibit high germinability and vigorous, synchronous growth after germination; hence dormancy is generally considered an undesirable trait. Some of the problems unique to the forest industry in relation to the deep dormancy of conifer species will be discussed. Functional genomic approaches hold promise for elucidating genes and proteins that control seed dormancy and germination. The understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying seed dormancy, particularly of angiosperms, has been accelerated through the analysis of mutants that are disrupted in their development (including dormancy inception and maintenance) as a result of a deficiency in hormone biosynthesis or response. These and other biotechnological approaches for manipulating germination will be discussed.

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Genotype and environment interact to control dormancy and differential expression of the VIVIPAROUS 1 homologue in embryos of Avena fatua

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Transcripts of Vp - 1 homeologues are misspliced in modern wheat and ancestral species

Transcripts of Vp - 1 homeologues are misspliced in modern wheat and ancestral species

Partial characterization of genes from the embryonic axis of Melanoxylon brauna Schott. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) seeds

Seed Germination

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