Genotype and environmental adaptation as regulators of competitiveness.

Nurjaya, I Gusti Made Oka; Tow, P. G.; Lazenby, Alec

doi:10.1079/9780851994413.0043

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The three brome cultivars included in this study have different growth habits, which will allow exploring the effect of that trait on their combining ability in intraspecific mixtures. Plant structure, leaf area index and other morphological characters are often affected by plant density and height and frequency of defoliation [17,18]. Since the method of analysis includes all the binary combinations among the cultivars tested, it was possible to analyze the grass/legume mixtures as well as the combinations of the grass/grass and legume/legume mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Ability in Mixtures of Prairie Grass and Clovers

Arturi¹,

Aulicino

Ansín³

et al. 2012

AJPS

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Our objective was to evaluate the combining ability among cultivars of forage species, commonly sown in temperate regions of Argentina using a short rotation system. Three genetically diverse cultivars of prairie brome grass (Bromus catharticus, cv Copetona, cv Ñandú and cv Tango), a white clover cultivar (Trifolium repens, cv Lucero) and a red clover cultivar (T. pratense, cv Tropero) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design experiment was established in 2005. The treatments included five monocultures and ten binary mixtures. The experiment was harvested 6 times over an 18-month period. Cumulative dry matter yield (kg·ha -1 ) was calculated as the sum of the six individual harvests. Diallel analysis provided estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA). Red clover in monoculture and mixtures produced the highest yields, with significant positive GCA effects (P < 0.01). Lucero white clover, and Copetona and Tango prairie grasses had significant negative GCA effects (P < 0.05). In mixtures, red clover with each of the three grass cultivars and white clover with Tango had significant and outstanding SCA effects (P < 0.01). Grass/grass mixtures and the legume/legume mixture showed non-significant SCA effects, while the grass/legume mixtures generally had higher yield than either component sown as a monoculture (P < 0.01). Given the short-term nature of this study, we must limit our inference to short-term pastures (<2 years). Under these conditions, red clover had the best combination with prairie brome grass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Ability in Mixtures of Prairie Grass and Clovers

Arturi¹,

Aulicino

Ansín³

et al. 2012

AJPS

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“…The size of tillers is associated with light competitive ability (Hazard and Ghesquiẻre, ; Nurjaya and Tow, ) and potential productivity (Sugiyama, , ), while the density of tillers is associated with horizontal space occupation and species persistence (Hume, ). The life form of coexisting species might condition all these structural traits because they are related to different patterns of carbon partitioning between tiller size and tiller density (Sugiyama, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a common mix of grass species used in humid temperate pastoral systems of Argentina. Dactylis glomerata is a slow ‐ establishing species with low seedling competitive ability (Nurjaya and Tow, ). Bromus willdenowii is native to the South American temperate plains (Maddaloni and Ferrari, ), and behaves like an annual plant because it does not produce replacement tillers after the reproductive period (Scheneiter and Rosso, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of structural traits in two competing C₃grass species: influence of neighbours and nitrogen

Gatti

Torales

Cipriotti

et al. 2013

Grass and Forage Science

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This work analysed the regulatory structural mechanisms involved in the competitive interactions between the annual grass Bromus willdenowii Kunth. (BW = prairie grass) and the perennial C3 grass Dactylis glomerata L. (DG = orchardgrass) during pasture establishment. Four combinations of species (pure BW, pure DG, DG flanked by BW and BW flanked by DG plants), with and without winter nitrogen fertilization, were factorially arranged in a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded at two organization levels: tillers (three tiller age cohorts) and target plants. Annual neighbours caused a decrease in the number of living leaves in tillers of intermediate age of both species. This structural regulatory mechanism led to a decrease in tiller number per plant and, therefore, restricted the development of horizontal space occupation. Annual neighbours did not cause an increase in tiller size, measured as lamina length or pseudostem height, but decreased root biomass. As a consequence, annual neighbours did not lead the hierarchy in light capture, but limited species radical colonization and competitive ability for soil resources. Winter nitrogen fertilization only affected tiller size in older tillers. These findings emphasize the importance of the cultural decisions, as sowing densities and nitrogen fertilization, to optimize pasture floristic composition.

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“…The low seedling growth of dallisgrass after emergence constitutes its main disadvantage when sown in mixed pastures with C 3 ‐grasses, because these grasses compete with dallisgrass and hence they prevent the adequate establishment of dallisgrass. Temperature is a factor of main importance to determine the growth rate of C 3 ‐ and C 4 ‐species and the competition between them (Nurjaya and Tow, 2001). Competition between dallisgrass and perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) is influenced by temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sowing date and nitrogen supply determine the outcome of competition between dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in the Pampas region of Argentina

Jacobo

Rodríguez

Durand

et al. 2009

Grass and Forage Science

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The effects of sowing date and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the inter-specific competition between dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in the humid Pampas of Argentina were investigated in two pot experiments where a constant soil moisture content was maintained. Tall fescue and dallisgrass seeds were sown either in the spring (October 2000) or in the autumn (March 2001) in mixed and mono-specific stands with 0 or 100 kg N ha )1 . In the spring, competition from tall fescue depressed drymatter (DM) yield of dallisgrass from 1AE53 to 0AE36 g DM per plant and tiller number from 9AE4 to 3AE7 tillers per plant in mixed and in mono-specific stands, respectively, while tall fescue had 3-4 times higher DM yields in mixed stands. Leaf extension rate (LER) of tall fescue was higher (1AE3 mm d )1 ) than that of dallisgrass (0AE53 mm d )1 ). In the autumn, inter-specific competition did not affect DM yield of dallisgrass and N fertilizer increased DM yield from 0AE53 to 2AE07 g DM per plant, tiller number from 6AE8 to 14AE2 tillers per plant and LER at the beginning of autumn from 1AE2 to 2AE12 mm d )1 in both species. As temperature decreased, LER was reduced in both species to 0AE31 mm d )1 by late autumn. The number of leaves per tiller was not affected by treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer increased N concentration of above-ground tissues of both species (18 g kg )1 DM in autumn and 20 g kg )1 DM in spring). It was concluded that a productive mixed pasture of dallisgrass and tall fescue can be obtained by sowing early in the autumn. The application of N fertilizer in this season is essential to ensure a high herbage yield and quality.

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Genotype and environmental adaptation as regulators of competitiveness.

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Combining Ability in Mixtures of Prairie Grass and Clovers

Combining Ability in Mixtures of Prairie Grass and Clovers

Dynamics of structural traits in two competing C₃grass species: influence of neighbours and nitrogen

Sowing date and nitrogen supply determine the outcome of competition between dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in the Pampas region of Argentina

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Genotype and environmental adaptation as regulators of competitiveness.

Cited by 19 publications

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Combining Ability in Mixtures of Prairie Grass and Clovers

Combining Ability in Mixtures of Prairie Grass and Clovers

Dynamics of structural traits in two competing C3grass species: influence of neighbours and nitrogen

Sowing date and nitrogen supply determine the outcome of competition between dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in the Pampas region of Argentina

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Dynamics of structural traits in two competing C₃grass species: influence of neighbours and nitrogen