Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis of Seed Yield and its Components of Faba Bean Genotypes under Different Irrigation Systems

Abstract

The present research aimed to evaluate and select faba bean stable genotypes with high productivity across diverse irrigation systems (i. e. surface, drip, and sprinkler irrigation systems). Twenty genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at three different irrigation systems during two successive seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 representing six environments. The genotypes were evaluated for seed yield and its related traits. Two common methods used for multi-environment experiments, i.e., the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), and genotype plus genotype environment interaction (GGE) biplot. The ANOVA for AMMI model revealed highly significant differences among tested genotypes, investigated environments (irrigation systems), and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) for measured traits except thrashing percentage that showed insignificant GEI. Moreover, partitioning the GEI by AMMI analysis revealed that the first two terms of AMMI (IPCA1 and IPCA2; Interaction Principal Components Axis term 1 to 2, respectively) were significant for all studied traits except thrashing percentage, which IPCA2 was nonsignificant. Interestingly, the effect of environments (E) and GEI are more than four and three times the effect of genotypes (G) in seed yield trait, respectively. The GGE biplot analysis revealed negative correlations among each pair of environments in most cases, especially sprinkler irrigations (Spr-1 and Spr-2) showed long vectors from the origin. For seed yield, most of the high yielding genotypes were adapted to drip and surface irrigation environments which had mean performance above the average. Based on this, drip irrigation system comes first, then surface irrigation and last sprinkler irrigation. The genotypes G06, G08, G10, G13, G16, G18, and G20 could be considered as high yielding and stable genotypes across environments, G15 was the superior one but had great variability (unstable).