Genotype by environment interaction on phenology and synchronous maturity of mungbean

Abstract

Genotype × environment interaction (G×E) of harvest period should be involved to assess the suitability of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) for monoculture or intercropping cultivations. This research was aimed to study the effect of G×E interactions on phenology and synchronous maturity, the change of genetic parameter estimates, and the stability of harvest period in mungbean. The study was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, from December 2017 to October 2018 in four environments: wet season, monoculture (WS.M) and intercropping (WS.I); dry season, monoculture (DS.M) and intercropping (DS.I). Ten mungbean genotypes were evaluated in monoculture and intercropping with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar Numbu using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The phenological traits, namely days to flowering, days to the first harvest, days to 90% harvest, plant height, number of productive branches, seed weight per plant (SWP), and the synchronous maturity traits, namely harvest period, degree indetermination of plant height (DDh1), degree of indetermination of harvest period (DDd2), were observed. The results showed that the G×E interaction effect was highly significant (p < .01) for all phenological and synchronous maturity traits except DDd2. Phenotypic expression of all traits, except SWP and DDh1, were largely controlled by the genetic factor (h 2 bs > 59.83%). Kefa, Kawur, VR480B, Lom2, MLB, Vima 2, VR10, VR60 were stable (b i = 1), VR05 was sensitive (b i = 1.70), and No.129 was insensitive (b i = 0.66) and suitable for monoculture in the dry season. The GGE biplot showed Kefa as a stable genotype with the shortest harvest period. Mungbean selection for synchronous maturity can use harvest period trait in monoculture at dry season.

Multi-location evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in Indian climates: Ecophenological dynamics, yield relation, and characterization of locations

“…Non-synchronous maturity is a common phenomenon in rainy season legumes like mungbean, urdbean ( Vigna mungo L.), and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) owing to indeterminate growth habit, particularly if the moisture conditions are favorable at the later growth stages (Ha et al, 2020 ). Often, favorable conditions during the reproductive period result in the second flush of flowers, their subsequent fertilization, and seed/pod set, which extends the maturity duration (Marwiyah et al, 2021 ). Seasonal rainfall and humidity have shown positive associations with grain yield, suggesting that the higher or optimum rainfall areas are more favorable for mungbean, leading to higher yields.…”

Performance and Response Selection on Mung Bean Transgressive Segregants

“…Tantangan dalam pengembangan kacang hijau adalah potensi hasil yang masih rendah, yaitu di bawah 2 ton ha -1 (Jambormias et al, 2015) serta periode panen yang tidak serempak dan panjang. Marwiyah et al (2021a) menyatakan bahwa keserempakan panen berkaitan dengan periode panen, yaitu rentang waktu panen dari polong pertama hingga polong terakhir. Panen tidak serempak menunjukkan periode panen yang panjang dan berpotensi meningkatkan kehilangan hasil.…”

“…Keragaman plasma nutfah untuk keserempakan panen sudah banyak dilaporkan (Hapsari et al, 2015), namun informasi tentang kendali genetiknya masih terbatas. Karakter periode panen dikendalikan oleh faktor genetik serta interaksi antara faktor genetik dan lingkungan (Marwiyah et al, 2021a;2021b). Analisis genetik pada populasi F 1 menunjukkan bahwa karakter periode panen dan karakter yang terkait periode panen, seperti umur berbunga, umur tanaman pada panen pertama, umur tanaman saat 90% polong siap panen dikendalikan oleh gen-gen non aditif, sehingga seleksi untuk perbaikan keserempakan panen seharusnya dilakukan pada generasi lanjut (Marwiyah et al, 2021b).…”

“…Indeks keserempakan panen yang didapatkan oleh famili F 4 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan semua varieas pembanding. Menurut Marwiyah et al (2021a) keserempakan panen berkaitan dengan periode panen, semakin pendek periode panen maka panennya akan semakin serempak.…”

Evaluasi Keragaan Tanaman dan Keserempakan Panen Populasi F4 Kacang Hijau

“…Umur panen pertama populasi F 4 yang ditunjukkan Gambar 1B sesuai dengan penelitian Marwiyah et al (2021b) bahwa genotipe hasil persilangan VR480B × Vima 1 memiliki umur panen pertama yang lebih lambat dari kedua tetua. Genotipe kacang hijau dengan umur panen < 60 HST dikategorikan sebagai umur genjah, sedangkan untuk umur panen > 60 HST dikategorikan sebagai umur dalam (Xin et al, 2003;Nair et al, 2012).…”