Genotype identification and phylogenetic analysis ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiin farmed black goats (Capra hircus) from China’s Hainan Province

Abstract

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an important pathogen commonly found in humans and animals. Farmed animals with close contact to humans are important hosts of E. bieneusi. The role of goats in the transmission of E. bieneusi, however, remains unclear. In this study, 341 fresh fecal samples of black goats were collected from five locations in Hainan Province, China. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by constructing a neighbor-joining tree of the ITS gene sequences. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in black goats was 24.0% (82/341) with rates ranging from 6.3% (4/63) to 37.2% (32/86) across the locations (χ2 = 17.252, p < 0.01). Eight genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, including six known genotypes: CHG5 (n = 47); CHG3 (n = 23); CHG2 (n = 4); CM21 (n = 3); D (n = 2); and AHG1 (n = 1), and two novel genotypes termed HNG-I (n = 1) and HNG-II (n = 1). In the phylogenetic tree, genotype D was clustered into Group 1 and the other identified genotypes were included in Group 2. This represents the first report identifying E. bieneusi in black goats from Hainan Province, with a high prevalence and wide occurrence demonstrated. The two new genotypes identified provide additional insights into the genotypic variations in E. bieneusi. Due to the small percentage of zoonotic genotypes in these animals, there is minimal risk of zoonotic transmission of E. bieneusi.

Genotyping and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle farmed in Hainan Province, the southernmost region of China

“…The remaining genotype CHG5 and the novel genotype HNC-I were first identified in cattle here. Genotype CHG5 has been reported in goats with a wide distribution in China [ 34 , 53 ]. We also observed this genotype in the Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines in Hainan Province [ 52 ].…”

Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Black Goats (Capra hircus) in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

“…E. bieneusi infection has been constantly reported in goats in China and other countries ( Table 5 ), and the E. bieneusi prevalence in goats ranges from 0 % to 73.6% in the world ( Table 5 ). In this study, the E. bieneusi prevalence in black goats in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China was 10.3% (93/907), which was much lower than that in goats in Egypt (100%, 11/11) [ 20 ], Thailand (19.2%, 14/73) [ 21 ], Spain (14.2%, 1/7) [ 22 ], and Henan Province (73.6%, 106/144) [ 8 ], Chongqing City (62.5%, 5/8) [ 9 ], Shaanxi Province (47.8%, 22/46, and 43.5%, 74/170) [ 8 , 9 ], Henan Province (32.9%, 113/343) [ 9 ], Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (29.7%, 89/300) [ 13 ], Hainai Province (24.0%, 82/341) [ 23 ], Yunnan Province (22.4%, 30/134) [ 9 ], Qinghai Province (18.6%, 11/59) [ 24 ], and Heilongjiang Province (21.8, 12/55) [ 11 ]; but it is higher than that in goats in Slovakia (0%, 0/20) [ 25 ], the Tibet Autonomous Region (9.6%, 25/260) [ 26 ], Yunnan Province (8.93%, 30/336) [ 10 ], Anhui Province (5.2%, 30/574, and 7.5%, 6/80) [ 9 , 27 ], Jiangsu Province (2.7%, 2/74) [ 27 ], Shandong Province (0%, 0/24), and Henan Province (0%, 0/109) [ 27 ]. The reason for the different prevalence is complicated, and many factors will affect the detection rate such as sampling time, age group, sampling number and geographic conditions.…”

Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farm-raised pigs in Hainan Province, China: infection rates, genotype distributions, and zoonotic potential

“…In China, the pig industry is a major economic component in which humans and pigs live in crowded conditions, and the disease can be easily spread with a potentially major impact on the economy [57]. Hainan Province is a relatively isolated island, where E. bieneusi is prevalent in multiple animals including farmed and wild animals [60,61]; moreover, it has been found in humans with diarrhea (unpublished data).…”