Genotype identification ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiisolates from stool samples of HIV-infected Tunisian patients

Abstract

The microsporidian species Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a major cause of chronic diarrhea and malabsorption in patients with AIDS. Genotyping was performed on seven E. bieneusi strains for the first time in Tunisia. All the strains were isolated from stool samples of humans with immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Analysis of the ribosomal RNA gene internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS) allowed the identification of three distinct genotypes previously described in other studies. Genotypes D and B were characterized in four and two respectively. The Peruvian genotype (Peru 8) was detected in the last isolate. These results indicate a genetic diversity in E. bieneusi strains from HIV Tunisian patients and suggest the coexistence of both zoonotic and anthroponotic route of transmission.

Infection by and genotype characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV/AIDS patients from Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China

“…of positive cases/No. of examined cases (%) Genotype (n) Reference Peru 105/2672(3.9) Peru-1 (35), Peru-2 (18), Peru-3 (1), Peru-4 (1), Peru-5 (3), Peru-6 (1), Peru-7 (8), Peru-8 (4), Peru-9 (9), Peru-10 (3), Peru-11 (6) [ 11 ] Nigeria (Benin City) 77/463(16.6) D (31); A (22); TypeIV (14); CAF 2 (2); Eebp A(1); Peru 8 (1); D + IV (1); Nig1 to Nig4 (one each) [ 32 ] Nigeria (Lagos) 5/90(5.6) TypeIV (4); one mixed with two unknown genotypes [ 10 ] Nigeria (Ibadan) 10/132(7.6) Peru 8 (1); Nig2 (2); new genotype (1); D (1); TypeIV (5); [ 48 ] Thailand 5/90(5.6%) D(5) [ 33 ] Iran 6/15(40) D (3); E (3); [ 49 ] Nigeria (Benin City) 18/285(6.3) Nig4 (2); TypeIV (1); Nig6 (10); Nig7 (2); three with mixed genotypes [ 58 ] Tunisian a – D (4);B (2); Peru (1) [ 50 ] Congo (Kinshasa) 19/242(7.8) NIA1 (2); D (2); KIN1 (5); KIN2 (5); KIN3 (5); [ 51 ] Iran 8/356(2.2) D (−); K (−); [ 18 ] Cameroon 8/154(5.2) TypeIV (8); [ 59 ] Australia (Sydney) 29/159(18.2) B (29); [ 60 ] Niamey 24/228(10.5) A (10); K (1); CAF1 (2); NIA1 (3); D (1); [ 53 ] Hanoi 3/42(7.1) D (1); E (1); HAN1 (1) [ 53 ] ...…”

Occurrence of zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats in Brazil

“…Cameroon (Breton et al, 2007) Gabon (Breton et al, 2007) Peru (Bern et al, 2005;Cama et al, 2007;Sulaiman et al, 2003a) England (Sadler et al, 2002) Niger, Vietnan (Espern et al, 2007) Nigeria (Akinbo et al, 2012;Ayinmode et al, 2011;Maikai et al, 2012) Malawi, Netherlands (ten Hove et al, 2009) Iran (Agholi et al, 2013a;Agholi et al, 2013b) Thailand (Leelayoova et al, 2006;Prasertbun et al, 2017;Saksirisampant et al, 2009) Russia (Sokolova et al, 2011) Congo (Wumba et al, 2012) China (Wang et al, 2013a,b) Portugal (Lobo et al, 2012) Tunisia (Chabchoub et al, 2012) Poland (Kicia et al, 2014) India (Li et al, 2013) Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (Lobo et al, 2014) Brazil (Feng et al, 2011) Spain (Galván et al,…”

High Frequency of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotype WL12 Occurrence among Immunocompromised Patients with Intestinal Microsporidiosis

“…In Tunisia and other countries of the region, microsporidia were, and still are, often overlooked and misdiagnosed because they are not specifically identified in most medical diagnostic laboratories. The recourse to staining techniques, such as the Modified Weber Trichrome staining, usually results in poor sensitivity that varied from 25% to 79% [35,36]. The low sensitivity of the mentioned method can explain their irregular detection in our hands.…”

“…We further examined the available literature from Tunisia to search for previously reported cases of E. bieneusi among Tunisian patients. We found another study dating back to 2012, reporting the detection of E. bieneusi in HIV-infected patients [35]. We extracted all 23 E. bieneusi ITS sequences available from these published studies at NCBI and generated a phylogenetic tree (Figure S1).…”