Infection by and genotype characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV/AIDS patients from Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China

Abstract

Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been increasingly reported to infect humans and various mammals. Microsporidia cause diarrhea in HIV-infected patients worldwide. PCR amplification and sequencing based on the internal transcribed spacer region have been used to describe the genotypes of E. bieneusi and transmission of microsporidiosis.MethodsIn this study, we examined E. bieneusi infection and genotypes in HIV-positive patients in Guangxi, China. Stool specimens were collected from 285 HIV-positive patients and 303 HIV-negative individuals. E. bieneusi genotypes were characterized using nested PCR and sequencing.ResultsThirty-three (11.58%) HIV-positive patients were infected with microsporidia, and no infection was found in the 303 healthy controls. Three new genotypes were identified and named as GX25, GX456, and GX458; four known genotypes, PigEBITS7, Type IV/K, D, and Ebpc, were also identified. Our data showed that the positive rate for microsporidia was significantly higher in the rural patients than in the other occupation groups. In addition, the positive rate for microsporidia was significantly higher in the patients who drink unboiled water than in those with other drinking water sources.ConclusionsOur results will provide baseline data for preventing and controlling E. bieneusi infection in HIV/AIDS patients. Further studies are required to clarify the epidemiology and potential sources of microsporidia. Our study showed that microsporidium infection occurs in the HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi, China.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2787-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Multilocus Typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Pig Reveals the High Prevalence, Zoonotic Potential, Host Adaptation and Geographical Segregation in China

“…A previous study demonstrated the high degree of sequence diversity in the ITS region of E. bieneusi isolates from China (Liu et al. ; Yang et al. ).…”

“…Genotype CHG19 isolates were first identified in goats, and were subsequently reported in horses and wild boars (Liu et al. ; Qi et al. ; Shi et al.…”

Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farm-raised pigs in Hainan Province, China: infection rates, genotype distributions, and zoonotic potential

“…Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene have been widely applied for the detection of E. bieneusi, and this method is becoming the standard tool for E. bieneusi typing [40]. To date, ITS genotyping has contributed to the identification of over 500 genotypes, with 142 genotypes found in humans and 49 genotypes identified both in humans and animals [10,20,23,31,50,55]. These recognized genotypes have been divided into 11 phylogenetic groups (Groups 1-11) for phylogenetic analysis [23].…”

“…These recognized genotypes have been divided into 11 phylogenetic groups (Groups 1-11) for phylogenetic analysis [23]. To date, 132 (93.0%) out of the 142 human pathogenic genotypes and 95.9% (47/49) of the zoonotic genotypes belong to Group 1 or Group 2, highlighting the genotypes with public health significance and the nature of cross-species transmission [10, 20,23,31,50,55]. However, genotypes in Groups 3-11 appear more commonly subject to host adaptation [23].…”

The Potential Role of Synanthropic Rodents and Flies in the Transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi on a Dairy Cattle farm in China

“…In immunocompetent individuals, E. bieneusi typically causes only self-limiting infections. In immunocompromised patients, however, such as those with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and organ transplant recipients, E. bieneusi can cause chronic diarrhea and wasting (Khanduja et al 2017;Liu et al 2017;Sant ın and Fayer 2011).…”