Genotypic and Phenotypic Studies of Murine Intestinal Lactobacilli: Species Differences in Mice with and without Colitis

Peña, J; Li, S. Y.; Wilson, P.; Thibodeau, Stacey A.; Szary, Anna J.; Versalovic, James

doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.558-568.2004

Cited by 80 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Unlike carbon use, these traits are not essential to the microbes; variation in the trait between close relatives is predicted by evolutionary theory (29,30) and observed in practice (24,31,32). If a trait is beneficial to the community as a whole (e.g., by keeping the host healthy), community-level selection acting over host generations can favor the mutualistic trait in the long term (33,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incomplete recovery and individualized responses of the human distal gut microbiota to repeated antibiotic perturbation

Dethlefsen

Relman

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

2,009

1,632

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The indigenous human microbiota is essential to the health of the host. Although the microbiota can be affected by many features of modern life, we know little about its responses to disturbance, especially repeated disturbances, and how these changes compare with baseline temporal variation. We examined the distal gut microbiota of three individuals over 10 mo that spanned two courses of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, analyzing more than 1.7 million bacterial 16S rRNA hypervariable region sequences from 52 to 56 samples per subject. Interindividual variation was the major source of variability between samples. Day-to-day temporal variability was evident but constrained around an average community composition that was stable over several months in the absence of deliberate perturbation. The effect of ciprofloxacin on the gut microbiota was profound and rapid, with a loss of diversity and a shift in community composition occurring within 3–4 d of drug initiation. By 1 wk after the end of each course, communities began to return to their initial state, but the return was often incomplete. Although broadly similar, community changes after ciprofloxacin varied among subjects and between the two courses within subjects. In all subjects, the composition of the gut microbiota stabilized by the end of the experiment but was altered from its initial state. As with other ecosystems, the human distal gut microbiome at baseline is a dynamic regimen with a stable average state. Antibiotic perturbation may cause a shift to an alternative stable state, the full consequences of which remain unknown.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incomplete recovery and individualized responses of the human distal gut microbiota to repeated antibiotic perturbation

Dethlefsen

Relman

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

2,009

1,632

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We predict this system will provide a framework to test the role and mechanism of beneficial indigenous microbes (given as ''probiotics'') in wound healing. Under conditions of colonic damage, specific microbial components either stimulate Th1 type cytokines or Th2 type cytokines (33). These cytokines may modulate the type of macrophage activation state to influence the nature of wound healing that occurs.…”

Section: Trem2 Signaling Influences the Cytokine Balance In Colonic Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient colonic mucosal wound repair requires Trem2 signaling

Seno

Miyoshi²,

Brown³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

254

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The colonic epithelial lining undergoes constant replacement, driven by epithelial stem cells in crypts of Lieberkü hn. Stem cells lost because of damage or disease can be replaced by adjacent crypts that undergo fission. The close proximity of an extraordinary number of luminal microbes creates a challenge for this repair process; infection must be prevented while immune system activation and epithelial stem cell genetic damage must be minimized. To understand the factors that modulate crypt/stem cell replacement in the mouse colon, we developed an in vivo acute injury system analogous to punch biopsy of the skin. In contrast to epidermal stem cells, colonic epithelial progenitors did not migrate over the wound bed. Instead, their proliferative expansion was confined to crypts adjacent to wound beds and was delayed to the latter phase of healing. This increased epithelial proliferation was coincident with the infiltration of Trem2 expressing macrophages and increased expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in the wound bed. Interestingly, Trem2 ؊/؊ mice displayed slow and incomplete wound healing of colonic mucosal injuries. We found the latter phase of healing in Trem2 ؊/؊ mice showed a diminished burst of epithelial proliferation, increased expression of IFN-␥ and TNF-␣, diminished expression of IL-4 and IL-13, and increased markers of classical macrophage activation. Ablation of these cytokines in injured WT and Trem2 ؊/؊ mice demonstrated that their expression ultimately determined the rate and nature of wound healing. These studies show that Trem2 signaling is an important pathway to promote healing of wounds in the colon where stem cell replacement is necessary.biopsy injury ͉ epithelium ͉ macrophage ͉ stem cell ͉ wound healing

show abstract

“…Additionally, the involvement of neuro-immune interactions in the GIT is an understudied area of research with respect to probiotics and prebiotics. and wild-type mice using genotyping and 16S rRNA gene analyses, large differences in the composition of the microbiota can be observed in different animal models, 41 as well as between animal models obtained from different vendors. 42 Differences in microbial composition between C57BL/6 mice obtained from the Jackson laboratory and Taconic laboratory were investigated recently using a high density microarray (PhyloChip).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%