Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a burn centre by using agr, spa and SCCmec typing methods

Abstract

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus remain a major global healthcare problem. We aimed to find the common lineages of S. aureus strains circulating in a burn hospital in Tehran. A total of 167 isolates of S. aureus obtained from patients, healthcare workers (HCWs) and environment in Shahid Motahari burn hospital were genotyped by using spa, agr and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using the disc diffusion method. The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 64.7% (n = 108), with distribution frequencies among patient, HCW and surface isolates of 64.2% (n = 79), 50% (n = 7) and 73.3% (n = 22), respectively. SCCmec type III (75%, n = 81) was found to be the most frequent SCCmec type among MRSA isolates, followed by SCCmec type I (20.4%, n = 22) and SCCmec type IV (1.8%, n = 2). The remaining MRSA isolates (2.8%, n = 3) were nontypeable by this method. About 78.4% (n = 131), 10.2% (n = 17) and 4.8% (n = 8) of all isolates were characterized as agr types I, II and III, respectively, and the other isolates (6.6%) were nontypeable. spa types t030 and t037 constituted the first and second most predominant spa types found in 56.4% (n = 57) and 25.6% (n = 26) of isolates, respectively. We also report here a novel spa type, t16471. The most prevalent genotypes of the isolates found among patient, surface and HCW samples were SCCmec type III/t030, t037/agr type I. Continuous tracking of epidemic isolates and better hospital infection control policies are recommended to efficiently prevent the spread of bacteria to inpatients.

Molecular Characterizations, Virulence Determinants and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the North of Iran

“…All of the MRSA isolates in the present study were MDR which is in relative line with previous reports from Iran [2,14] and Taiwan [38]. Our ndings also suggested that vancomycin and linezolid are potent and effective treatment options for MRSA [35,40,41].…”

“…The relative prevalence (38.14%) of HA-MRSA strains in our study was comparable to the result obtained by Darban et al (35%) [35]. However, this prevalence was lower than that reported in America, Europe, Africa, and Asia [26,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. The reasons for this discrepancy in the prevalence of MRSA may be related to the dissimilar antibiotic usage patterns, contrary infection control policies, sources of the isolates, and the characteristics of the subjects (HCWs and patients).…”

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in food and the prevalence in Brazil: a review

“…The acquisition and diversity of different SCCmecs are crucial [52], and it is through that methicillinsusceptible S. aureus (MSSA) becomes MRSA. SCCmec carries either the mecA or mecC gene, regulatory genes, ccrAB or/and ccrC site-specific recombinase genes, and a variety of accessory genes encoding for a new specific penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) [53,54]. The SCCmec element contains three J regions, besides the mec and ccr gene complexes, they were first report as the L-C, C-M, and I-R regions but were later changed to J regions.…”

The global prevalence of Daptomycin, Tigecycline, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, and Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase–negative staphylococci strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…For both MRSA and MRCoNS vancomycin is used as the first line drug for treatment. However, in recent years, decreased susceptibility and even resistance to vancomycin and other antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and lincosamides, have been reported in many parts of the world [5][6][7]. Therefore, for the treatment of severe infections caused by multi-drug resistant staphylococci, new antibiotics such as daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, and Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Q/D) were introduced [8].…”