Genotypic Differences in Carbon Isotope Discrimination by Cowpea under Wet and Dry Field Conditions

Hall, Anthony E.; Mutters, R. G.; Hubick, KT; Farquhar, Graham D.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000020011x

Cited by 90 publications

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“…between leaves and the corolla, they did not suggest substantial CO2 fixation via a pathway other than that typical of C3 (12,17). Hall et al (10) reported that 13C isotope discrimination for grains of cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was lower than that measured for subtending leaves and suggested that additional metabolic processes were responsible for the lower 13C discrimination in grains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Light-Dependent Recycling of Respired Carbon Dioxide by the Cotton Fruit

Wullschleger¹,

Oosterhuis²,

Hurren³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

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Conservation of respired CO2 by an efficient recycling mechanism in fruit could provide a significant source of C for yield productivity. However, the extent to which such a mechanism operates in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is unknown. Therefore, a combination of CO2 exchange, stable C isotope, and chlorophyll (Chi) fluorescence techniques were used to examine the recycling of atmospheric C02, these organs nonetheless frequently demonstrate a unique capacity for the reassimilation of internally produced C02, especially that CO2 released via mitochondrial respiration from developing ovules (4, 9). Cereal crops have received the greatest attention in this regard (5, 14, 25), although several studies have dealt with other crops as well (2,11,15,16,23). The efficiency with which fruit are able to conserve respired C for subsequent retranslocation back to the ovule could be an important determinant of yield productivity ( 11).Mechanisms that govern the recycling of CO2 released via fruit respiration were investigated by Kriedemann (14) who observed a light requirement for the reassimilation process in whole ears of wheat (Triticum vulgare L.). Watson and Duffus (22) recently extended these studies by labeling caryopses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with 14C02 and showed that as much as three times more 14C was retained by the caryopses after incubation in the light compared with dark-incubated caryopses. These authors concluded that the pericarp functioned as an efficient tissue for the reassimilation of 14CO2 respired by the endosperm. Similar studies have also shown the pod wall of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to contain two distinct photosynthetic layers, each capable of contributing photosynthate to seed development (2). The outer pod wall fixed CO2 from the ambient atmosphere, and the chloroplast-containing inner wall was involved in the photoassimilation of CO2 released from seed respiration. Crookston et al. (7) indicated that recycling of internally released CO2 (i.e. CO2-fixing potential) by the pod wall of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was substantial and estimated its photosynthetic capacity to be >25% that of the leaf.Kriedemann (14) proposed that under natural conditions the effective recycling ofrespired CO2 could make a significant contribution to yield by reducing respiratory C losses. We previously documented that diurnal C losses from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fruit can exceed 55% of the maximum daily C gain of these organs (24) and provided preliminary data concerning a light-dependent mechanism for CO2 reassimilation by the capsule wall (23). The efficiency by which this CO2 recycling offsets respiratory C losses could be an important aspect related to crop productivity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to verify the light dependency of CO2 recycling by cotton fruit, document the efficiency by which this mechanism operates, and evaluate the contribution of CO2 recycling to the stable C isotope composition of the cotton fruit.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Light-Dependent Recycling of Respired Carbon Dioxide by the Cotton Fruit

Wullschleger¹,

Oosterhuis²,

Hurren³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

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“…Intraspecific variation in WUE (Briggs and Shantz, 1913;Peng and Krieg, 1992;Hammer et al, 1997;Xin et al, 2009) and RUE (Hammer and Vanderlip, 1989;Sinclair and Muchow, 1999;Hammer et al, 2010) has been reported in sorghum. Robust measurement of WUE and RUE in field studies is challenging, however, due to the lack of simple and rapid screening criteria and measurement techniques (Hall et al, 1990;Sinclair and Muchow, 1999) as well as the complexity of these traits. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the genetic variability in both WUE and RUE in sorghum under field conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Water and Radiation Use Efficiencies in Sorghum

et al. 2013

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Increasing water and radiation use efficiencies (WUE and RUE, respectively) are critical to enhance crop production. Exploring genetic variability in WUE and RUE is necessary to improve these traits. The objectives of this research were to evaluate eight sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes for biomass production, WUE, and RUE and to test whether the differences in WUE among sorghum genotypes were associated with increased biomass production or decreased water use under field conditions. The WUE was estimated as the slope of the regression of aboveground biomass on cumulative water use for specified sampling intervals. The RUE was estimated as the slope of the regression of aboveground biomass on cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR). Sorghum genotypes showed significant differences in biomass production, WUE, and RUE. The WUE varied from 3.39 ± 0.80 to 5.42 ± 0.80 g kg−1 in 2009 and from 4.04 ± 0.58 to 7.63 ± 0.58 g kg−1 in 2010. Similarly, RUE varied from 2.13 ± 0.33 to 3.53 ± 0.31 g MJ−1 IPAR in 2009 and from 2.08 ± 0.35 to 3.83 ± 0.33 g MJ−1 IPAR in 2010. Among the eight sorghum genotypes tested in this study, IS 27111 and IS 27150 had the largest biomass production, WUE, and RUE. The WUE was more strongly correlated to biomass production than to water use. This result implies that it is possible to improve WUE without compromising biomass production. The sorghum genotypes evaluated for biomass production, WUE, and RUE in this study offer useful plant materials for identifying the mechanisms causing differences in these traits.

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“…The second strategy was based on the intrinsic water-use efficiency, which should be associated with differences in the extent to which C 3 plants discriminate against 13 C (carbon isotope) compared with 12 C (∆) during CO 2 fixation. Measurements of plant composition of stable isotopes ( 13 C/ 12 C) in field conditions suggest a correlation between ∆ and genotype in cowpea (Hall et al, 1990;Hall et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Screening cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] varieties by inducing water deficit and RAPD analyses

Badiane¹,

Diouf²,

Sané³

et al. 2003

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The effects of water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol-6000 on some cowpea varieties, which belong to the national germplasm in Senegal are reported. Our results showed that, the length of the epicotyl was not affected by water deficit but the length of primary root was influenced only in Mouride variety. Water deficit influenced mostly the number of lateral roots. The 985 variety showed a great increase of its lateral root numbers and could be considered a drought tolerant variety. In contrast, the IT81D-1137 variety is very sensitive to water deficit because its lateral root number were reduced 3.8 fold compared to the control. These physiological studies were complemented by analyzing the genetic diversity of these varieties with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The RAPD analysis suggested that the samples were also genetically diverse.

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Genotypic Differences in Carbon Isotope Discrimination by Cowpea under Wet and Dry Field Conditions

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence for Light-Dependent Recycling of Respired Carbon Dioxide by the Cotton Fruit

Evidence for Light-Dependent Recycling of Respired Carbon Dioxide by the Cotton Fruit

Water and Radiation Use Efficiencies in Sorghum

Screening cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] varieties by inducing water deficit and RAPD analyses

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