Genotypic differences in root penetration ability of wheat through thin wax layers in contrasting water regimes and in the field

Acuña, Tina; Pasuquin, Estela Magbujos; Wade, Leonard

doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9428-9

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Root distribution in the fibrous root system of grasses is determined by a combination of factors such as root growth direction [41] [42], root length [43] [44], and root penetrating ability into hard soil [45] [46]. It has already known that thick nodal roots of cereal crops, in general, tend to elongate vertically [41] [42] [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Morphology and Anatomy of Field-Grown Erianthus arundinaceus

Shiotsu¹,

Abe²,

Doi³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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Erianthus species are perennial C4 grasses with such high biomass productivity and high tolerance to environmental stresses that they can be grown in marginal land to supply raw material for cellulosic bioethanol. Because high biomass production and strong tolerance to environmental stresses might be based on their large and deep-root system, we closely examined the morphology and anatomy of roots in first-year seedlings of field-grown Erianthus arundinaceus. The deep-root system of E. arundinaceus consists of many nodal roots growing with steep growth angles. Diameter of nodal roots with large variations (0.5 -5 mm) correlates with the size and number of large xylem vessels. The microscopic observation shows that the nodal roots with dense root hairs developed soil sheath, hypodermis with lignified sclerenchyma in the outer cortex, and aerenchyma in the mid-cortex. In addition, starch grains were densely accumulated in the stele of nodal roots in winter. In the first year, E. arundinaceus developed less lateral roots than other reported grass species. The lateral roots formed a large xylem vessel in the center of the stele and no hypodermis in the outer cortex. Morphology and anatomy of E. arundinaceus root were discussed with reference to strong tolerance to environmental stresses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Morphology and Anatomy of Field-Grown Erianthus arundinaceus

Shiotsu¹,

Abe²,

Doi³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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“…In moisture‐limited environments, vertical root elongation and subsequent access to subsoil moisture can be critical to plant survival (Manschadi et al . 2006; Botwright Acuna, Pasuquin & Wade 2007; Blum 2009). At an acid‐soil field site, Culvenor et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil acidity, soil strength and macropores on root growth and morphology of perennial grass species differing in acid‐soil resistance

Haling¹,

Simpson²,

Culvenor³

et al. 2010

Plant Cell & Environment

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It is unclear whether roots of acid-soil resistant plants have significant advantages, compared with acid-soil sensitive genotypes, when growing in high-strength, acid soils or in acid soils where macropores may allow the effects of soil acidity and strength to be avoided. The responses of root growth and morphology to soil acidity, soil strength and macropores by seedlings of five perennial grass genotypes differing in acid-soil resistance were determined, and the interaction of soil acidity and strength for growth and morphology of roots was investigated. Soil acidity and strength altered root length and architecture, root hair development, and deformed the root tip, especially in acid-soil sensitive genotypes. Root length was restricted to some extent by soil acidity in all genotypes, but the adverse impact of soil acidity on root growth by acid-soil resistant genotypes was greater at high levels of soil strength. Roots reacted to soil acidity when growing in macropores, but elongation through high-strength soil was improved. Soil strength can confound the effect of acidity on root growth, with the sensitivity of acid-resistant genotypes being greater in high-strength soils. This highlights the need to select for genotypes that resist both acidity and high soil strength.

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“…It is possible that poor correspondence between laboratory screens and field performance is in part due to the complex interfaces between soil structural units in the field. Indeed, it has been hypothesized by Botwright Acuña et al (2007) for wheat, that this relatively low correlation may have been associated with cultivar differences in response to sudden versus gradual increases in soil strength. The data presented in this paper support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Implications For Root Penetration Through Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gradual rather than abrupt increase in soil strength gives better root penetration of strong layers

et al. 2008

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The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that gradual rather than abrupt increases in strength lead to increased root penetration of strong layers. This was tested experimentally in a model system with multi-layered wax discs with a total thickness of up to 6 mm that either increased in strength with depth, or decreased in strength with depth. Strength was varied by altering the proportions of hard paraffin wax and white soft paraffin. Multilayered wax discs consisted of three layers, each 1.5 or 2 mm thick, to give a disc thickness of either 4.5 or 6 mm. 'Test' wax discs had a 40% hard wax layer above a 60% wax layer, which was above an 80% wax layer. This led to a gradual increase in strength as roots encountered the disc from the sand growing medium. In 'control' discs, the order was reversed so that 80% wax was encountered immediately below the sand. These treatments were used to challenge roots of the rice cvs. Azucena and Bala. Compared with the control, the test layers increased root penetration of Azucena from a mean of 5.9 root axes to 12.4, while penetration of Bala was increased from 0.5 to 5.6. These results show that there was increased root penetration when roots encountered a gradual increase in strength rather than a sudden increase in strength. This was explored further with numerical simulations of stress distributions at the tips of roots. These simulations indicated that gradual rather than abrupt increases in strength decreased stress concentration at the root tip, consistent with the experimental results.

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Genotypic differences in root penetration ability of wheat through thin wax layers in contrasting water regimes and in the field

Cited by 46 publications

References 41 publications

Root Morphology and Anatomy of Field-Grown Erianthus arundinaceus

Root Morphology and Anatomy of Field-Grown Erianthus arundinaceus

Effect of soil acidity, soil strength and macropores on root growth and morphology of perennial grass species differing in acid‐soil resistance

A gradual rather than abrupt increase in soil strength gives better root penetration of strong layers

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