Genotypic Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs in Patients Infected with Several HIV Type 1 Genetic Forms in Cuba

Pérez, Lissette; Alvarez, Lucia; Carmona, Rocı́o; Aragonés, Carlos; Delgado, Elena; Thomson, Michael M.; González, Zoila; Contreras, Gerardo; Pérez, Jorge; Nájera, Rafael

doi:10.1089/aid.2006.0155

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…3 In another study done with samples collected mostly in the South and Southeast regions, following the resistance guidelines established by the International AIDS Society, United States, primary resistance was rated at 7%, 15 similar to the 7.7% found in Argentina among patients recently infected. 16 In other countries in South America HIV resistance rates were 3.3% in Peru, 17 5.2% in Cuba, 18 and 8.1% in Venezuela. 19 Although only five patients in this study were identified as recently infected by the BED test, three of them had viruses with mutations for resistance, which was found to be statistically significant within the constraints of a small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication: Intermediate Prevalence of HIV Type 1 Primary Antiretroviral Resistance in Ceará State, Northeast Brazil

Arruda¹,

Simões²,

Sucupira

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Brazil is a large developing country where almost all FDA-licensed antiretrovirals are made available to more than 200,000 individuals under antiretroviral treatment. General primary HIV-1 resistance in Brazil is assumed to be low, but data are scarce, especially in the Northeast region. To evaluate the prevalence of primary HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance in the state of Ceará, Brazil, a cross-sectional prospective study of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected individuals was performed between May 2008 and May 2009. Genomic sequences of reverse transcriptase and protease regions of the pol gene of HIV-1 using PCR products were obtained. Mutations related to resistance to NRTI, NNRTI, and PI were evaluated according to the WHO mutation list for primary resistance surveillance, which excludes common polymorphisms. Seventy-four individuals were evaluated (50% male) with a median age 30 years; 55.4% were men who have sex with men. Median CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts were 418 and 960 cells/mm(3) and the median viral loads were 4.41 and 4.46 log(10) RNA copies/ml for individuals older and younger that 18 years, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of patients were symptomatic. Five patients (6.8%) were recently infected, as detected by the BED test. The mutations 41L, 67N, 215D, 219Q, 101E, and 103N in the RT and 32I, 46I, 54V, 82T, and 90M, in the PR were identified in 9.5% of samples, more frequently in HIV subtype B (85.1%). A significant level of primary HIV resistance was detected in urban Northeast Brazil, a region geographically distant from the more highly populated and wealthier areas of Southeast Brazil, and this emphasizes the need for monitoring resistance in the studied area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication: Intermediate Prevalence of HIV Type 1 Primary Antiretroviral Resistance in Ceará State, Northeast Brazil

Arruda¹,

Simões²,

Sucupira

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…36 In most of the studies reviewed, subtype B was the predominant subtype identified, although several other subtypes were present at a prevalence of greater than 10%, including subtype C in Brazil, 25,27,29,30 and recombinant forms in Brazil, 30 as well as in Argentina and Cuba. 34,35 Additionally, one study from Brazil reported non-B, non-C subtypes at a prevalence of 17.0% 29 ; further subtype analysis was not reported.…”

Section: Regional Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All studies found by this search were examined; 12 studies of TDR in Latin America and the Caribbean with a sample size of at least 100 adult subjects were identified (Table 3). More than half of the studies were from Brazil [25][26][27][28][29][30] ; the other five countries represented included Colombia, 31 Honduras, 32,33 Cuba, 34 Argentina, 35 and Peru. 36 In most of the studies reviewed, subtype B was the predominant subtype identified, although several other subtypes were present at a prevalence of greater than 10%, including subtype C in Brazil, 25,27,29,30 and recombinant forms in Brazil, 30 as well as in Argentina and Cuba.…”

Section: Regional Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral-Naive Patients with Established HIV Type 1 Infection in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and Review of the Latin American and Caribbean Literature

Myers

Taylor

Fermín³

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Emergence of HIV resistance is a concerning consequence of global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). To date, there is no published information about HIV resistance from the Dominican Republic. The study's aim was to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors in a sample of chronically HIV-1-infected patients in one clinic in Santo Domingo. The data are presented in the context of a review of the TDR literature from Latin America and the Caribbean. Genotype testing was successfully performed on 103 treatment-naive adults planning to initiate antiretroviral therapy; the World Health Organization (WHO) list of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRM) was used to determine the presence of TDR mutations. WHO SDRM were identified in eight patients (7.8%); none had received sdNVP. There were no significant differences in epidemiologic or clinical variables between those with or without WHO SDRM. The prevalence of WHO SDRM was 1.0% and 6.8% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, respectively. No WHO SDRMs for protease inhibitors were identified. Among 12 studies of TDR in the region with a sample size of at least 100 subjects, the reported prevalence of SDRM ranged from 2.8% to 8.1%. The most commonly identified SDRM was K103N. This information adds to our understanding of the epidemiology of TDR in the region and the possible role such mutations could play in undermining first-line treatment. Ongoing surveillance is clearly needed to better understand the TDR phenomenon in the Caribbean.

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“…The current results were compared with data previously obtained from HIV-1 therapy-experienced patients attending the IPK between May 2003 and September 2003 for viral load testing, irrespective whether or not they were failing. 2 In this previous study, plasma samples from 329 therapy-experienced HIV-1 patients were included of which 175 could be amplified and sequenced. 6 …”

Section: Patient Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts to provide access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV patients in need have been accelerated since then and have resulted in a decrease in AIDS mortality rate and incidence of opportunistic infections. 1,2 By the end of 2011, Cuba had 15,824 patients living with HIV of whom 5959 (37.7%) were receiving ART. The most commonly prescribed firstline regimens are zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine (∼50%) and stavudine + lamivudine + nevirapine (∼20%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of antiviral drug resistance and non-B subtypes in HIV-1 patients failing antiviral therapy in Cuba

Kourí

Alemán

Pérez

et al. 2012

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Genotypic Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs in Patients Infected with Several HIV Type 1 Genetic Forms in Cuba

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Short Communication: Intermediate Prevalence of HIV Type 1 Primary Antiretroviral Resistance in Ceará State, Northeast Brazil

Short Communication: Intermediate Prevalence of HIV Type 1 Primary Antiretroviral Resistance in Ceará State, Northeast Brazil

Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral-Naive Patients with Established HIV Type 1 Infection in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and Review of the Latin American and Caribbean Literature

High frequency of antiviral drug resistance and non-B subtypes in HIV-1 patients failing antiviral therapy in Cuba

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