Genotypic Variation under Fe Deficiency Results in Rapid Changes in Protein Expressions and Genes Involved in Fe Metabolism and Antioxidant Mechanisms in Tomato Seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Abstract

To investigate Fe deficiency tolerance in tomato cultivars, quantification of proteins and genes involved in Fe metabolism and antioxidant mechanisms were performed in “Roggusanmaru” and “Super Doterang”. Fe deficiency (Moderate, low and –Fe) significantly decreased the biomass, total, and apoplastic Fe concentration of “Roggusanmaru”, while a slight variation was observed in “Super Doterang” cultivar. The quantity of important photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents significantly decreased in “Roggusanmaru” than “Super Doterang” cultivar. The total protein profile in leaves and roots determines that “Super Doterang” exhibited an optimal tolerance to Fe deficiency compared to “Roggusanmaru” cultivar. A reduction in expression of PSI (photosystem I), PSII (photosystem II) super-complexes and related thylakoid protein contents were detected in “Roggusanmaru” than “Super Doterang” cultivar. Moreover, the relative gene expression of SlPSI and SlPSII were well maintained in “Super Doterang” than “Roggusanmaru” cultivar. The relative expression of genes involved in Fe-transport (SlIRT1 and SlIRT2) and Fe(III) chelates reductase oxidase (SlFRO1) were relatively reduced in “Roggusanmaru”, while increased in “Super Doterang” cultivar under Fe deficient conditions. The H+-ATPase relative gene expression (SlAHA1) in roots were maintained in “Super Doterang” compared to “Roggusanmaru”. Furthermore, the gene expressions involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms (SlSOD, SlAPX and SlCAT) in leaves and roots showed that these genes were highly increased in “Super Doterang”, whereas decreased in “Roggusanmaru” cultivar under Fe deficiency. The present study suggested that “Super Doterang” is better tomato cultivar than “Roggusanmaru” for calcareous soils.

The Understanding of the Plant Iron Deficiency Responses in Strategy I Plants and the Role of Ethylene in This Process by Omic Approaches

“…So far, only one study on proteome profiling in Fe-deficient rice roots and shoots (Chen et al, 2015) and two in maize, with one in Fe-deficient root hairs (Li et al, 2015) and the other in roots (Hopff et al, 2013), have been carried out to investigate the global protein changes or the alterations in the plasma membrane proteome, by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), or 1-DE coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) or LC-MS/MS. By contrast, most of the proteomic studies upon Fe deficiency have been performed in Strategy I species, including Beta vulgaris (Andaluz et al, 2006; Rellan-Alvarez et al, 2010; Gutierrez-Carbonell et al, 2016), Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) (Brumbarova et al, 2008; Genannt Bonsmann et al, 2008; Muneer and Jeong, 2015), cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) (Donnini et al, 2010; Li and Schmidt, 2010; Vigani et al, 2017), pea ( Pisum sativum L.) (Meisrimler et al, 2011, 2016), Prunus hybrid GF 677 rootstock ( P. dulcis × P. persica ) (Rodriguez-Celma et al, 2013a), Lupinus texensis (Lattanzio et al, 2013), Hyoscyamus albus (Khandakar et al, 2013), Medicago truncatula (Rodriguez-Celma et al, 2011, 2016), citrus rootstocks (Muccilli et al, 2013), Brassica napu (Gutierrez-Carbonell et al, 2015), Populus cathayana (Zhang S. et al, 2016), and Arabidopsis (Laganowsky et al, 2009; Lan et al, 2011, 2012b; Mai et al, 2015; Pan et al, 2015; Zargar et al, 2015a,b). Most of the protein profiling studies were focused on the global protein changes in the whole roots/shoots, and few of them investigated proteome of the specific plant parts such as root hairs (Li et al, 2015), cellular compartments including root plasma membrane (Hopff et al, 2013), thylakoid membranes (Andaluz et al, 2006), and shoot microsomal fragments (Zargar et al, 2015b), as well as phloem saps (Lattanzio et al, 2013; Gutierrez-Carbonell et al, 2015).…”

Silicon nanoparticles vs trace elements toxicity: Modus operandi and its omics bases

“…TEs-stimulated oxidative stress leads to altered protein expression and structure, leading to loss of protein activity or its content. Nevertheless, silicon and SiNPs supplementation regulates the expression of several proteins and enzymes of signal transduction cascades of the antioxidant defence system ( Tripathi et al., 2015 ; Muneer and Jeong, 2015a ; Mukarram et al., 2022 ). Once inside the cells, silicon plays an imperative role in stress alleviation by maintaining ion homeostasis and structural rigidity, upregulating antioxidant metabolism, and increasing the expression of genes and proteins involved in stress alleviation ( Ma, 2004 ).…”