Genotyping of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus from tertiary care hospitals in Coimbatore, South India

Abstract

Background:Globally, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogens that causes hospital- and community-acquired infections. The use of molecular typing methods is essential for determining the origin of the isolates, their clonal relations, and also epidemiological investigations.Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant MRSA investigate the accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types and perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration of MRSA isolates was determined for vancomycin and daptomycin.Materials and Methods:Two hundred and fifty-nine MRSA isolates were collected from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Coimbatore. Disk diffusion method was employed to assess the sensitivity of MRSA isolates to selected antibiotics and genetic analysis was performed using SCCmec, agr, and MLST typing by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction strategy. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using Ezy MIC (vancomycin) and Biomerieux (daptomycin) E-test strip.Results:Of 259 MRSA isolates, 209 (80.7%) were confirmed as methicillin resistant. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that all the MRSA isolates were 100% sensitive to linezolid, rifampicin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. MIC results showed that of 209 MRSA isolates, 10 were found to be vancomycin intermediate S. aureus and 100% of the MRSA isolates were daptomycin-susceptible. The agr group I and SCCmec Type III were the major type among MRSA isolates. In addition to these MLST typing revealed the prevalence of sequence type (ST) 239 (SLV of ST8) among the MRSA isolates.Conclusion:This study confirms that ST239 (Brazilian clone) of MRSA is predominant in this region which is responsible for the hospital-acquired MRSA infections. Thus, the study also suggests that vancomycin and daptomycin can still be used as an alternative drug for treating severe MRSA infections.

Characterization of SCCmec, spa types and Multi Drug Resistant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates among inpatients and outpatients in a referral hospital in Shiraz, Iran

“…SCCmec typing provides useful information about the resistance of genes to methicillin, and to identify the origin of strains [28, 29]. In our study, SCCmec typeIII was the most common type, which was similar to other reports in Iran and other countries [11, 18, 22, 26, 27, 30, 31].…”

Molecular Typing of ST239-MRSA-III From Diverse Geographic Locations and the Evolution of the SCCmec III Element During Its Intercontinental Spread

“…CC239-MRSA-III appear to be common and widespread in India; and although other strains emerged meanwhile, it is, at least regionally, still a dominant MRSA strain (D'Souza et al, 2010 ; Abimanyu et al, 2012 ; Neetu and Murugan, 2016 ).…”

“…CC239-MRSA-III is common to abundant in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries such as Greece (Aires de Sousa et al, 2003a ), Turkey (Alp et al, 2009 ; Tekeli et al, 2016 ), Egypt (El-baz et al, 2017 ), Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria (Abdulgader et al, 2015 ), Iran (Fatholahzadeh et al, 2009 ), Saudi Arabia (Cirlan et al, 2005 ; Monecke et al, 2012c ; Senok et al, 2016 ), Abu Dhabi (Weber et al, 2010 ), and Kuwait (Boswihi et al, 2016 ). The strain's presence has been reported in China (Chen et al, 2014a , b ) including Hong Kong (Ip et al, 2005 ), Taiwan (Aires de Sousa et al, 2003b ; Takano et al, 2007 ), Singapore (Hsu et al, 2007 ), Malaysia (Ghaznavi-Rad et al, 2010 ), Mongolia (Orth et al, 2006 ), Pakistan (Shabir et al, 2010 ; Zafar et al, 2011 ; Arfat, 2013 ; Jamil et al, 2017 ), India (D'Souza et al, 2010 ; Neetu and Murugan, 2016 ), South Korea (Cha et al, 2005 ; Peck et al, 2009 ), Laos (Yeap et al, 2017 ), and Thailand (Smyth et al, 2010 ). There are reports from several African countries including Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa (Jansen van Rensburg et al, 2011 ; Abdulgader et al, 2015 ).…”