Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in China

Sun, Li-Ying; Huang, Minjun; Wang, Jiancheng; Xue, Feng; Hong, Cailing; Guo, Zijian; Gu, Jiafeng

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.021

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Following their first application to P. jirovecii genotyping in 1994 (14), ITS1 and ITS2 have consistently shown superior discriminative power over other genetic markers in numerous studies worldwide and have played important roles in understanding the transmission, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of P. jirovecii (9,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Meanwhile, their The sequences for types 1 to 51 were modified from previous sequences listed under the reference GenBank accession number.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii by Use of a New Simplified Nomenclature System Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and 5.8S rRNA Gene of the rRNA Operon

Xue

Liu

et al. 2019

J Clin Microbiol

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Genotyping based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 of the rRNA operon has played an important role in understanding the transmission and epidemiology of Pneumocystis jirovecii, one of the major opportunistic pathogens in individuals with AIDS and other immunocompromised individuals. The widespread use of this typing system has resulted in several problems, including inconsistent genotype nomenclatures, difficult data transferability, and complicated interpretation of the length variation in multiple homopolymeric tracts. The aim of this study was to establish a new, simplified genotype nomenclature system for P. jirovecii based on the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences. We first analyzed the complete ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS2 sequences (termed ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) in 27 recent P. jirovecii isolates from China and identified 18 unique genotypes. Subsequently, we performed a comprehensive classification of more than 400 ITS1-and ITS2-related sequences from GenBank and an in-depth evaluation of the length variation of multiple homopolymeric tracts within ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. Integration of the results from these analyses led to a new, simplified genotype nomenclature system including 62 unique ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 genotypes, simply designated types 1 through 62. This new system offers several advantages over traditional ITS1-and ITS2-based typing systems, including a simpler analysis and interpretation process, a higher discriminative power, and no limitation in assigning potential new genotypes. This new system is expected to facilitate the standardization of P. jirovecii genotyping and easy data exchanges across different laboratories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii by Use of a New Simplified Nomenclature System Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and 5.8S rRNA Gene of the rRNA Operon

Xue

Liu

et al. 2019

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Isolates with the same number of repeat units can have different distribution patterns of repeat types. Application of this VNTR method to different PCP patient populations worldwide has found that the number of repeat units varies from 2 to 6, with 2, 3, and 4 repeats being the most common (300,319,(371)(372)(373)(374). The 6-repeat allele contains only one repeat pattern, while all other alleles reported, to date, harbor two or more different repeat patterns.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Pneumocystis Methods For Molecular Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

2018

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, a unique atypical fungus with an elusive lifestyle, has had an important medical history. It came to prominence as an opportunistic pathogen that not only can cause life-threatening pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and other immunodeficiencies but also can colonize the lungs of healthy individuals from a very early age. The genus includes a group of closely related but heterogeneous organisms that have a worldwide distribution, have been detected in multiple mammalian species, are highly host species specific, inhabit the lungs almost exclusively, and have never convincingly been cultured, making a fascinating but difficult-to-study organism. Improved molecular biologic methodologies have opened a new window into the biology and epidemiology of. Advances include an improved taxonomic classification, identification of an extremely reduced genome and concomitant inability to metabolize and grow independent of the host lungs, insights into its transmission mode, recognition of its widespread colonization in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts, and utilization of strain variation to study drug resistance, epidemiology, and outbreaks of infection among transplant patients. This review summarizes these advances and also identifies some major questions and challenges that need to be addressed to better understand biology and its relevance to clinical care.

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“…have a dynamic extracellular proteome as a result of varying their major surface glycoproteins, which may be used to evade the host immune response (26,27). Reports of large genetic variability between Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates also suggest the possibility that patients are simply being exposed to new strains of Pneumocystis (22,28).…”

Section: Cd20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-CD20 Antibody Therapy and Susceptibility to Pneumocystis Pneumonia

et al. 2015

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b Anti-CD20 antibody therapy has been a useful medication for managing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as well as autoimmune diseases characterized by autoantibody generation. CD20 is expressed during most developmental stages of B lymphocytes; thus, CD20 depletion leads to B-lymphocyte deficiency. As the drug has become more widely used, there has been an increase in the number of case reports of patients developing Pneumocystis pneumonia. The role of anti-CD20 in Pneumocystis jirovecii infection is under debate due to the fact that most patients receiving it are on a regimen of multiple immunosuppressive medications. To address the specific role of CD20 depletion in host immunity against Pneumocystis, we examined a murine anti-CD20 depleting antibody. We demonstrated that anti-CD20 alone is permissive for Pneumocystis infection and that anti-CD20 impairs components of type II immunity, such as production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 by whole-lung cells, in response to Pneumocystis murina. We also demonstrated that CD4 ؉ T cells from mice treated with anti-CD20 during Pneumocystis infection are incapable of mounting a protective immune response when transferred into Rag1 ؊/؊ mice. Thus, CD20 ؉ cells are critical for generating protective CD4؉ T-cell immune responses against this organism.

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Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in China

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii by Use of a New Simplified Nomenclature System Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and 5.8S rRNA Gene of the rRNA Operon

Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii by Use of a New Simplified Nomenclature System Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions and 5.8S rRNA Gene of the rRNA Operon

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

Anti-CD20 Antibody Therapy and Susceptibility to Pneumocystis Pneumonia

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