“…In order to tackle these disadvantages, several methods, such as online-based clustering (Kasabov & Song, 2002;Tung & Quek, 2002) for the above-mentioned first drawback, Bspline functions (Lane et al, 1992;Wu & Pratt, 1999) and fuzzy concepts (Jou, 1992;Chen, 2001;Guo et al, 2002;Ker et al, 1997;Lai & Wong, 2001;Zhang & Qian, 2000) for the second one, and competitive learning (Chow & Menozzi, 1994), clustering (Hwang & Lin, 1998) and Shannon's entropy and golden-section search (Lee et al, 2003) for the third one, were proposed. Among these approaches, further improvements were implemented by with self-constructing algorithm and Gaussian basis functions.…”