Geo-hydrological hazards induced by Gorkha Earthquake 2015: A Case of Pharak area, Everest Region, Nepal

Shrestha, Buddhi Raj; Khanal, Narendra Raj; Smadja, Joëlle; Fort, Monique

doi:10.3126/gjn.v13i0.28154

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…On 25 April 2015, the Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake struck Nepal, causing thousands of landslides over a broad swath of the Lesser and Greater Himalaya in Nepal and Tibet (Collins & Jibson, 2015; Kargel et al., 2016; Roback et al., 2018; Shrestha et al., 2016). The most devastating mass movements hit Langtang Valley, north of Kathmandu.…”

Section: Description Of Process Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic Process Chains in High‐Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment

Mani,

Allen,

Evans

et al. 2023

Reviews of Geophysics

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Populations and infrastructure in high mountain regions are exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, the frequency, magnitude, and location of which are extremely sensitive to climate change. In cases where several hazards can occur simultaneously or where the occurrence of one event will change the disposition of another, assessments need to account for complex process chains. While process chains are widely recognized as a major threat, no systematic analysis has hitherto been undertaken. We therefore establish new understanding on the factors that directly trigger or alter the disposition for subsequent events in the chain and derive a novel classification scheme and parameters to aid natural hazard assessment. Process chains in high mountains are commonly associated with glacier retreat or permafrost degradation. Regional differences exist in the nature and rate of sequencing—some process chains are almost instantaneous, while other linkages are delayed. Process chains involving rapid sequences are difficult to predict, and impacts are often devastating. We demonstrate that process chains are triggered most frequently by progressive failures, being the result of gradual landscape weakening and not due to the occurrence of a distinct process. If fluvial processes are part of the process chain the reach (or mobility) of process chains is increased. Increased mobility can also occur if sediment deposition areas along river channels are activated. As climate changes causes glacial environments to transform into sediment‐rich paraglacial and fluvial landscapes, it is expected that the mobility of process chains will increase in the future.

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Section: Description Of Process Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic Process Chains in High‐Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment

Mani,

Allen,

Evans

et al. 2023

Reviews of Geophysics

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“…The Nepal earthquakes had catastrophic impacts on life and property, killing 8790 people and injuring more than 22,300, while also damaging or destroying more than 750,000 private houses and government buildings and approximately 30,000 classrooms (National Planning Commission 2015, Rasul et al 2015). Within 9 months of the earthquakes, Nepal experienced more than 400 additional earthquakes and aftershocks with a magnitude of 4 or greater and within 1 year, 4000 landslides initially triggered by the earthquakes (Shrestha et al 2016). In 2015 and 2016, the earthquakes pushed 2.5% to 3.5% of the population into poverty and caused NPR-706 billion (US$ 7 billion) in damages (National Planning Commission 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualizing patterns in short-term disaster recoveries from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: household vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and change

Spoon¹,

Gerkey²,

Rai³

et al. 2023

E&S

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Disaster recovery is multidimensional and requires theoretical and methodological approaches from the interdisciplinary social sciences to illustrate short-and long-term recovery dynamics that can guide more informed and equitable policy and interventions. The 2015 Nepal earthquakes have had catastrophic impacts on historically marginalized ethnic groups and Indigenous households in rural locations, arising in the immediate aftermath and unfolding for years afterward. Analyzing factors that shape household recovery patterns can help identify vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities in addition to signaling potential future changes. We pursue this goal using survey data from 400 randomly selected households in 4 communities over 2 10-week intervals at 9 months and 1.5 years after the earthquakes. Building on previous research that used non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination to identify patterns among multiple indicators of recovery (Spoon et al. 2020a), we investigate associations among these patterns of recovery, hazard exposure, and four domains of household adaptive capacity: institutional participation, livelihood diversity, connectivity, and social memory. Our results suggest: (1) social inequality, high hazard exposure, and disrupted place-based livelihoods (especially for herders, farmers, and forest harvesters on the geographic margins) had strong associations with negative recovery outcomes and displacement; (2) inaccessibility and marginality appeared to stimulate ingenuity despite challenging circumstances through mutual aid and local knowledge; (3) recoveries were non-linear, differing for households displaced from their primary home and agropastoral practice and those displaced to camps; and (4) some households experienced rapid changes while others stagnated. We contribute a temporal dataset with a random sample collected following a disaster that uses a theoretically informed quantitative methodology to explore linear and non-linear relationships among multidimensional recovery, adaptive capacity and change and provide an example of how vulnerabilities interact with adaptive capacity.

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“…B. Shrestha, Bajracharya, Kargel, & Khanal, 2016). Most of the victim were women as they were more vulnerable in compared to men due to various factors such as limited economic resources, lack of political voice/power, risk of sexual assault and exploitation, household labor responsibilities, and gender and age discrimination (Fothergill & Squier, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Empowerment of indigenous women in recovery of post-earthquake 2015 in Nepal: a feminist perspective

Premruethairat

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Discrimination against gender and caste can be overwhelming issue to a person or a group who faces it. Similarly, indigenous women of Nepal have been facing impediments in regard to unequal power relations caused by gender, identity, as well as disaster. With the conceptualization of Feminist Political Ecology, this paper analyzes the subjectivities of a feminist perspective that highlights the lives of indigenous women pre-earthquake and their experiences on how they are affected by power relations in political ecology of Nepal. Along with the findings of the indigenous women's lives and their experiences amid the earthquake 2015 have also been analyzed with the notion of empowerment in Nepal. In addition, the analysis on the notion of empowerment is made on political, socio-cultural, environmental governance, and economical aspects, as these dimensions are interconnected and intertwined that have consequences on indigenous women in terms of power imbalance, disaster sensitivity, and their empowerment. So, this paper finds it important to explore on such subjectivities to enlighten the stakeholder on the differences that a woman based on gender and caste is facing different forms of impediments on their lives and experiences during a disaster. Likewise, the paper is based on qualitative research with the interview of a focus group on research site named Sankhu/Shankarapur in Kathmandu district (hard-hit area by earthquake 2015), and as well on�one-on-one interview with key informants, along with secondary sources for analysis. Hence, this research has been an emphasis on the dynamics of indigenous women's lives pre-earthquake and their experiences during the earthquake 2015, with the notion of empowerment through the lens of Feminist Political Ecology.

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Geo-hydrological hazards induced by Gorkha Earthquake 2015: A Case of Pharak area, Everest Region, Nepal

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Geomorphic Process Chains in High‐Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment

Geomorphic Process Chains in High‐Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment

Contextualizing patterns in short-term disaster recoveries from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: household vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and change

Empowerment of indigenous women in recovery of post-earthquake 2015 in Nepal: a feminist perspective

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