Geoarchaeological Interpretation of the Canopic, Largest of the Relict Nile Delta Distributaries, Egypt

Stanley, Jean‐Daniel; Warne, Andrew G.; Schnepp, Gerard

doi:10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[920:giotcl]2.0.co;2

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Pelusium Line Fault (Figure 1 bottom map) is the main structural feature along the study area, trending NE to SW and bounding the eastern part of Port Said City [29,46,47]. The implications of the Pelusiac Fault system on current subsidence rates in Port-Said City are largely unknown although there might be a possible contribution by this fault system.…”

Section: Study Area and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing the Residual Topography Effect on Interferograms to Improve DInSAR Results: Estimating Land Subsidence in Port-Said City, Egypt

2017

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Abstract:The accurate detection of land subsidence rates in urban areas is important to identify damage-prone areas and provide decision-makers with useful information. Meanwhile, no precise measurements of land subsidence have been undertaken within the coastal Port-Said City in Egypt to evaluate its hazard in relationship to sea-level rise. In order to address this shortcoming, this work introduces and evaluates a methodology that substantially improves small subsidence rate estimations in an urban setting. Eight ALOS/PALSAR-1 scenes were used to estimate the land subsidence rates in Port-Said City, using the Small BAse line Subset (SBAS) DInSAR technique. A stereo pair of ALOS/PRISM was used to generate an accurate DEM to minimize the residual topography effect on the generated interferograms. A total of 347 well distributed ground control points (GCP) were collected in Port-Said City using the leveling instrument to calibrate the generated DEM. Moreover, the eight PALSAR scenes were co-registered using 50 well-distributed GCPs and used to generate 22 interferogram pairs. These PALSAR interferograms were subsequently filtered and used together with the coherence data to calculate the phase unwrapping. The phase-unwrapped interferogram-pairs were then evaluated to discard four interferograms that were affected by phase jumps and phase ramps. Results confirmed that using an accurate DEM (ALOS/PRISM) was essential for accurately detecting small deformations. The vertical displacement rate during the investigated period (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) was estimated to be −28 mm. The results further indicate that the northern area of Port-Said City has been subjected to higher land subsidence rates compared to the southern area. Such land subsidence rates might induce significant environmental changes with respect to sea-level rise.

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Section: Study Area and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing the Residual Topography Effect on Interferograms to Improve DInSAR Results: Estimating Land Subsidence in Port-Said City, Egypt

2017

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“…Winter storm wave surges (to 2 m in height) are driven landward by winds, primarily from N and NW quadrants (Sestini, 1989). Nile floods, along with storm surges, earthquake tremors, and tsunamis, have triggered episodic mass failures and lowering of water-saturated Nile sediment along the coast and in the bay (Guidoboni, 1994;Stanley et al, 2001Stanley et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Geographic and Geologic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the NW delta, these channels were then linked with the Rosetta submarine channel and canyon system on the Nile Cone (Ross and Uchupi, 1977;Bellaiche and Mart, 1995). Bathymetric and geophysical exploration just seaward of the coast in Abu Qir Bay revealed several Canopic channel traces that trend north to now-submerged settlements (Herakleion, Eastern Canopus) on the Canopic promontory ( Figure 2; Stanley et al, 2004;Goddio, 2006). Seismic surveys have shown that these recently discovered channels once extended at least 6 km north of the present bay shoreline (Figure 2).…”

Section: The Missing Canopic Tracementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historic documents and recent geographic and geologic investigations indicate that the Canopic channeled flow to the Mediterranean for nearly 4500 years, a longer time span than any of the other Nile branches (Toussoun, 1926;De Cosson, 1935;Said, 1981). Largest of relict channels, the Canopic remained active in this delta sector from early Dynastic in the 4th millennium until late Roman-Byzantine time in the mid-1st millennium A.D. (Bernand, 1970;Chen et al, 1992;Stanley et al, 2004). It was primarily through the Canopic channel that vessels entered the Nile delta proper for trade and exchange at ports, such as Schedia, ~28 km east of Alexandria, and at Naucratis, about 55 km south of the coast (Coulson and Leonard, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, three offshore Canopic channel traces have also been detected seaward of the coast in Abu Qir Bay (Figure 2) by means of detailed bathymetric and geophysical surveys (Stanley et al, 2004;Goddio, 2006). However, examination of these and other available documents reveals a gap of nearly 12 km where the relict Canopic channel has not been traced between the lower delta ( Figure 1) and offshore margin (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short contribution: Buried Canopic channel identified near Egypt's Nile delta coast with radar (SRTM) imagery

Stanley

Jorstad

2006

Geoarchaeology

Self Cite

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Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, with ground-based geologic investigations, define the geographic position of the relict Canopic channel in Egypt's NW Nile delta. Two sinuous channel segments south of Abu Qir Bay are observed on a radar image: a more sinuous trace (36 km in length) west of Idku lagoon, and an eastern one (~20 km), reaching the lagoon's southeast corner. Sediment cores recovered along channel traces show sand-rich deposits (to Ͼ 4 m thick) beneath the surface, in contrast with silty muds in areas away from channels. Historic and archaeological findings indicate that the Ptolemaic Roman city of Schedia once lay directly along the Canopic that channeled water from the 3rd to 2nd centuries B.C. until ~5th century A.D., after which Nile water was displaced to the east via Bolbitic and, later, Rosetta branches. Identification of buried, but well-defined, Canopic channels provides baselines for renewed archaeological exploration in this delta sector.

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Tracking the effects of the long‐term changes on the coastal archaeological sites of the Mediterranean using remote sensing data: The case study from the northern shoreline of Nile Delta of Egypt

Elfadaly

Abutaleb

Naguib

et al. 2023

Archaeological Prospection

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Climate change effects along with anthropogenic activities present the main factors that threaten the existence of heritage sites across the north Nile Delta of Egypt close to the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea. Observing the changes in the landscape close to the archaeological sites is an important issue for decision‐makers in terms of reducing the negative impact of natural events and human activities. The coastal heritage sites are becoming strongly threatened by the rising sea level phenomena that will happen due to global warming. Focusing on the distribution of the archaeological sites, this study aims to detect the areas at risk of shoreline erosion or accretion in the northern shoreline of the Nile Delta. In this study, the changes in the northern shoreline of the Nile Delta were observed and calculated during the last hundred years based on the integration between the old topographic maps from surveys in 1900, 1925 and 1945, optical satellite images captured by Landsat in 1972, 1986 and 2000; Sentinel2 2021; and the Radar SRTM data. The results of this study showed that the changes were enormous with a great shoreline erosion process over the last 121 years recorded along the shoreline in the periods between 1900–1925, 1925–1945, 1945–1972, 1972–1986, 1986–2000 and 2000–2021. The areas eroded were about 5.3, 4.7, 5.6, 8.9, 2.5 and 5.4 km2, respectively. Such negative movements caused the loss of two heritage sites, and the expected changes will lead to the loss of additional heritage sites in the next 500 years. Furthermore, a model was suggested for protecting the coastal heritage sites threatened by the risk of submergence. This study can help the decision‐makers to detect the coastal archaeological sites at risk and create innovative solutions for protecting these irreplaceable heritage sites.

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Geoarchaeological Interpretation of the Canopic, Largest of the Relict Nile Delta Distributaries, Egypt

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

Minimizing the Residual Topography Effect on Interferograms to Improve DInSAR Results: Estimating Land Subsidence in Port-Said City, Egypt

Minimizing the Residual Topography Effect on Interferograms to Improve DInSAR Results: Estimating Land Subsidence in Port-Said City, Egypt

Short contribution: Buried Canopic channel identified near Egypt's Nile delta coast with radar (SRTM) imagery

Tracking the effects of the long‐term changes on the coastal archaeological sites of the Mediterranean using remote sensing data: The case study from the northern shoreline of Nile Delta of Egypt

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