Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the PACMANUS, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea

Reeves, Eoghan P.; Seewald, Jeffrey S.; Saccocia, Peter J.; Bach, Wolfgang; Craddock, Paul R.; Shanks, Wayne C.; Sylva, Sean P.; Walsh, Emily; Pichler, Thomas; Rosner, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.008

Cited by 184 publications

(198 citation statements)

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“…5a). It has been suggested that higher than seawater Mg in hydrothermal fluids may possibly occur as a result of acid leaching of Mg from host rocks in arc/back-arc systems where the pH is exceedingly low (Gamo et al, 1997;Reeves et al, 2011;Resing et al, 2007). We hypothesize that acid alteration is causing the Mg enrichments in Panarea fluids.…”

Section: Secondary Processesmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The final compositions are a function of many factors including fluid-mineral equilibrium, phase separation, magmatic inputs, mineral precipitation, and mixing. While these processes have been well defined for deep-sea systems along mid-ocean ridges, and more recently at back-arc basins (Reeves et al, 2011), much less is known about the subsurface processes taking place at shallow-sea hydrothermal vents. They are most often associated with island arc volcanoes, and thus silicic magmas more similar to back-arc basins rather than mid-ocean ridges.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Near the magma chamber, acidic magmatic fluids and magmatic volatiles (H 2 O, CO 2 , SO 2 , H 2 S, H 2 , He), can be introduced to the newly evolved hydrothermal fluids, along with very high temperature reactions of the new fluid with host rocks, including deposition of magma-derived SO 4 as anhydrite, titration of acidity, and further metal mobilization (Craig and Lupton, 1981;Gamo et al, 1997;German and Von Damm, 2003;Hanningtion et al, 2005;Lupton et al, 2008;Reeves et al, 2011). Subsequently, both -supercritical‖ and -subcritical‖ phase separation can occur.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can lead to much more acidic fluids, and subsequent leaching of Mg from host rocks (Reeves et al, 2011;Yang and Scott, 1996). These characteristics make shallow-sea hydrothermal venting distinctly different from their deep sea counterparts.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsurface hydrothermal processes and the bioenergetics of chemolithoautotrophy at the shallow-sea vents off Panarea Island (Italy)

et al. 2015

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Please cite this article as: Price, Roy E., LaRowe, Douglas E., Italiano, Francesco, Savov, Ivan, Pichler, Thomas, Amend, Jan P., Subsurface hydrothermal processes and the bioenergetics of chemolithoautotrophy at the shallow-sea vents off Panarea Island (Italy), Chemical Geology (2015Geology ( ), doi: 10.1016Geology ( /j.chemgeo.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E DM A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTThe subsurface evolution of shallow-sea hydrothermal fluids is a function of many factors including fluid-mineral equilibria, phase separation, magmatic inputs, and mineral precipitation, all of which influence discharging fluid chemistry and consequently associated seafloor microbial communities. Shallow-sea vent systems, however, are understudied in this regard. In order to investigate subsurface processes in a shallow-sea hydrothermal vent, and determine how these physical and chemical parameters influence the metabolic potential of the microbial communities, three shallow-sea hydrothermal vents associated with Panarea Island (Italy) were characterized.Vent fluids, pore fluids and gases at the three sites were sampled and analyzed for major and minor elements, redox-sensitive compounds, free gas compositions, and strontium isotopes. The corresponding data were used to 1) describe the subsurface geochemical evolution of the fluids and 2) to evaluate the catabolic potential of 61 inorganic redox reactions for in situ microbial communities. Generally, the vent fluids can be hot (up to 135 °C), acidic (pH 1.9-5.7), and sulfidic (up to 2.5 mM H 2 S). Three distinct types of hydrothermal fluids were identified, each with higher temperatures and lower pH, Mg 2+ and SO 4 2-, relative to seawater. Type 1 was consistently more saline than Type 2, and both were more saline than seawater. Type 3 fluids were similar to or slightly depleted in most major ions relative to seawater. End-member calculations of conservative elements indicate that Type 1 and Type 2 fluids are derived from two different sources, most likely 1) a deeper, higher salinity reservoir and 2) a shallower, lower salinity reservoir, respectively, in a layered hydrothermal system. The deeper reservoir records some of the highest end-member Cl concentrations to date, and developed as a result of recirculation A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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Section: Secondary Processesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsurface hydrothermal processes and the bioenergetics of chemolithoautotrophy at the shallow-sea vents off Panarea Island (Italy)

et al. 2015

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“…Fluid aliquots were transferred into sealed glass tubes fitted with Teflon and stainless steel valves for shore-based C 2 H 6 and C 3 H 8 analysis using a purge and trap device interfaced to molecular-sieve GC with flame ionization detection (34). Dissolved Cl and ΣHCOOH abundances were determined by ion chromatography (36,37). Dissolved Mg concentrations were determined on a ThermoElectron Element2 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MS) (36,38).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways for abiotic organic synthesis at submarine hydrothermal fields

McDermott

Seewald

German

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Arguments for an abiotic origin of low-molecular weight organic compounds in deep-sea hot springs are compelling owing to implications for the sustenance of deep biosphere microbial communities and their potential role in the origin of life. Theory predicts that warm H 2 -rich fluids, like those emanating from serpentinizing hydrothermal systems, create a favorable thermodynamic drive for the abiotic generation of organic compounds from inorganic precursors. Here, we constrain two distinct reaction pathways for abiotic organic synthesis in the natural environment at the Von Damm hydrothermal field and delineate spatially where inorganic carbon is converted into bioavailable reduced carbon. We reveal that carbon transformation reactions in a single system can progress over hours, days, and up to thousands of years. Previous studies have suggested that CH 4 and higher hydrocarbons in ultramafic hydrothermal systems were dependent on H 2 generation during active serpentinization. Rather, our results indicate that CH 4 found in vent fluids is formed in H 2 -rich fluid inclusions, and higher n-alkanes may likely be derived from the same source. This finding implies that, in contrast with current paradigms, these compounds may form independently of actively circulating serpentinizing fluids in ultramafic-influenced systems. Conversely, widespread production of formate by ΣCO 2 reduction at Von Damm occurs rapidly during shallow subsurface mixing of the same fluids, which may support anaerobic methanogenesis. Our finding of abiogenic formate in deep-sea hot springs has significant implications for microbial life strategies in the present-day deep biosphere as well as early life on Earth and beyond.abiotic organic synthesis | hydrothermal systems | methane | formate | fluid-vapor inclusions S eawater-derived hydrothermal fluids venting at oceanic spreading centers are a net source for dissolved carbon to the deep sea, with vent fluid carbon contents directly tied to the sustenance of the subseafloor biosphere (1). Highly reducing fluids rich in dissolved H 2 , such as those discharging from serpentinizing hydrothermal systems, are of particular interest because of the potential for abiotic reduction of dissolved inorganic carbon ðΣCO 2 = CO 2 + HCO − 3 + CO 2− 3 Þ to organic compounds (2-6) and their potential role as precursor compounds for prebiotic chemistry associated with the origin of life (7). Although there is increasing evidence that supports an abiotic origin for CH 4 and other low-molecular weight organic compounds in ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems (8-10), the physical conditions, reaction pathways, and timescales that control abiotic organic synthesis at oceanic spreading centers remain elusive. Working models for the formation of abiotic CH 4 and other hydrocarbons observed in vent fluids involve reduction of ΣCO 2 and/or CO through Fischer-Tropsch-type processes during active circulation of seawater-derived hydrothermal fluids that are highly enriched in dissolved H 2 because of serpentinization of...

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Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008–2012

Baumberger

Lilley

Resing

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Four cruises between 2008 and 2012 monitored the continuing eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin as it produced plumes of chemically altered water above its summit. Although large enrichments in 3 He, CO 2 , Fe, and Mn were observed in the plumes, the most notable enrichment was that of H 2 , which reached concentrations as high as 14,843 nM. Strongly enriched H 2 concentrations in the water column result from reactions between seawater or magmatic water and extremely hot rocks. In 2008, the observation of elevated H 2 concentrations in the water column above West Mata pointed to vigorous ongoing eruptions at the volcano's summit. The eruption was confirmed by visual observations made by the ROV Jason 2 in 2009 and demonstrated that H 2 measurements are a vital instrument to detect ongoing volcanic eruptions at the seafloor. Elevated H 2 in 2010 showed that the eruption was ongoing, although at a reduced level given a maximum H 2 concentration of 4410 nM. In 2012, H 2 levels in the water column declined significantly, to a maximum of only 7 nM, consistent with visual observations from the Quest-4000 ROV that found no evidence of an ongoing volcanic eruption. Methane behaved independently of other measured gases and its concentrations in the hydrothermal plume were very low. We attribute its minimal enrichments to a mixture of mantle carbon reduced to CH 4 and biological CH 4 from diffuse flow sites. This study demonstrates that ongoing submarine volcanic eruptions are characterized by high dissolved H 2 concentrations present in the overlying water column.

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Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the PACMANUS, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea

Cited by 184 publications

References 175 publications

Subsurface hydrothermal processes and the bioenergetics of chemolithoautotrophy at the shallow-sea vents off Panarea Island (Italy)

Subsurface hydrothermal processes and the bioenergetics of chemolithoautotrophy at the shallow-sea vents off Panarea Island (Italy)

Pathways for abiotic organic synthesis at submarine hydrothermal fields

Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008–2012

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