Geochemistry of thermal springs of Tuscany (Italy)

Bencini, Alessandro; Duchi, Vittorio; Martini, M.

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(77)90017-1

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This interpretation is suggested, for instance, for some thermal waters in Tuscany, Italy (Bencini et al, 1977), in Mt. Amiata geothermal field (Duchi et al, 1987), at Bagno di Romagna (EmiliaRomagna Region, Italy; Cortecci et al, 1999), and for some CO 2 -rich waters of Sardinia ( P CO 2 up to about 1 bar: Caboi et al, 1993).…”

Section: Fig 2 Log[na] Vs Log[cl] (Eq/l) For the Waters Reported Inmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Salinity may range from very low (e.g., some waters from the Gotthard Tunnels, Switzerland: Michard et al, 1966) up to some hundred of milliequivalent/L (mEqle/L) of total dissolved ions (Σions) (e.g., waters from Gambassi and Casciana, Central Italy: Bencini et al, 1977). Some waters may have high calcium and sulphate contents: Ca up to 13-17 (mEq/L) and SO 4 up to 16-22 mEq/L at Casciana and Gambassi.…”

Section: Main Geochemical Features and Genetic Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Na-carbonate waters of extreme composition: Possible origin and evolution.

Venturelli¹,

Boschetti²,

Duchi³

2003

Geochem. J.

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Na-carbonate (NaCW) waters are not concentrated in well defined areas, but usually widespread in areas where other water types (e.g., Ca-carbonate) are dominant. NaCW are the product of long-term water-rock interaction with dissolution of Na-silicates in presence of phyllosilicates, silica phases, and calcite. NaCW circulating in calcite-bearing sediments very probably have a Ca-carbonate parent with moderate to low P CO 2 , which changes its composition assuming increasing Na character as the water-rock interaction proceeds. However, the moderate to low P CO 2 values of the potential parent Ca-carbonate waters do not account for the high Na content of many NaCW. The higher P CO 2 required may be due to oxidation of organic matter of the sediments and, perhaps, to further addition of CO 2 coming from deeper crustal levels, from the mantle, or from other sources. Na-Ca exchange involving a Na-exchanger could be an alternative genetic hypothesis. At present, however, at least for some areas (e.g., Northern Apennines, Italy), this hypothesis is not supported by mineralogical evidence.water types (e.g., Ca-carbonate) are dominant. Some analyses of different types of NaCW (mostly from Italy) are reported in Table 1 together with indications about the rocks involved in water-rock interaction.In the following pages we will focus on waters of extreme composition, i.e., with na and calc higher than 0.85. In the Northern Apennines (Italy), waters with na and calc > 0.85 are widespread and thus, frequently, we shall implicitly refer to them. Data processingFor water speciation and for other calculations we have used a recent version of PHREEQC (Parkhurst and Appelo, 1999), a flexible ad userfriendly software. The software is adequate for low ionic strength solutions (Debye-Hückel expression), and suitable at higher ionic strength for sodium chloride dominated systems. The limits of

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Section: Fig 2 Log[na] Vs Log[cl] (Eq/l) For the Waters Reported Inmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Main Geochemical Features and Genetic Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na-carbonate waters of extreme composition: Possible origin and evolution.

Venturelli¹,

Boschetti²,

Duchi³

2003

Geochem. J.

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“…Numerous thermal springs are present in these areas, most of which are emerging in correspondence to the main neotectonic structures of the region (De Stefani, 1904;Pieri and Burichetti, 1930;Masini, 1956;Francalanci, 1956;Masini, 1964;Trevisa et al, 1971;Bencini et al, 1977;Fancelli and Agostini, 1980;Baldacci and Raggi, 1982;Baldacci et al, 1993;Fanelli et al, 1982;Calvi et al, 1999;Boschetti et al, 2005). These springs are fed by a regional circulation developing in a Mesozoic evaporite carbonate reservoir.…”

Section: Selection Of the Installation Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automatic monitoring network installed in Tuscany (Italy) for studying possible geochemical precursory phenomena

Cioni

Guidi

Pierotti

et al. 2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Since late 2002, a continuous automatic monitoring network (CAMN) was designed, built and installed in Tuscany (Italy), in order to investigate and define the geochemical response of the aquifers to the local seismic activity. The purpose of the investigation was to identify eventual earthquake precursors. The CAMN is constituted by two groups of five measurement stations each. A first group has been installed in the Serchio and Magra graben (Garfagnana and Lunigiana Valleys, Northern Tuscany), while the second one, in the area of Mt. Amiata (Southern Tuscany), an extinct volcano. The measured parameters are: T, pH, Eh, EC, dissolved CO 2 and CH 4 . The results of three years of continuous monitoring can be summarised as follows: i) the monitoring stations made it possible to detect even small variations of the measured parameters, with respect to equivalent commercial devices; ii) acquired data made it possible to identify the groundwater circulation patterns; iii) in most locations, the observed trend of the acquired parameters is consistent with the periodic manual sampling results, and confirms the mixture of different water types that the hydrogeochemical model has determined.The absence of seismic events with a sufficient energy precluded the possibility to locate anomalies, with the only exception of the Equi Terme site, where an increase in the dissolved CO 2 content was observed twelve days before a M=3.7 earthquake occurred at a distance of 3 km north of the monitoring station.The CAMN resulted as being a suitable tool in order to investigate the anomalous variations of the physical, physicochemical and chemical parameters of aquifer systems as earthquake precursors.

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“…Besides these systems, partly related to the Pliocene to Quaternary magmatism that affected the western part of Central Italy, a large number of thermal, mineral and cold springs, fed by a regional aquifer hosted within Mesozoic carbonates, also occur (e.g. Bencini et al, 1977;Minissale and Duchi, 1988;Minissale et al, 1997a;Minissale, 2004;Frondini, 2008;Frondini et al, 2009;Chiodini et al, 2013). Natural fluid emissions in the sedimentary domain are strongly controlled by regional tectonics, being mostly located at the boundaries of the carbonate outcrops and along faults bordering the NW-SE post-orogenic intraApenninic basins (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minissale et al, 2000;Minissale, 2004). In southern Tuscany, emerging waters are commonly associated with CO 2 -rich gases, whereas in northern Tuscany N 2 or CH 4 are the dominant gas compounds (Bencini et al, 1977;Bencini and Duchi, 1981;Arrigoni et al, 1982;Minissale et al, 2000). In the Montecatini area (NW sector of Tuscany; Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined geochemical and isotopic study of the fluids discharged from the Montecatini thermal system (NW Tuscany, Italy)

Capecchiacci

Tassi

Vaselli

et al. 2015

Applied Geochemistry

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a b s t r a c tThe thermo-mineral fluids discharges of Montecatini Terme (Northern Apennines, Tuscany, Italy) have been exploited since the Roman times and despite the fact that this thermal complex is one of the biggest in Europe, the most recent geochemical investigations were published almost 40 years ago. To fill this gap, in this paper a detailed geochemical and isotopic investigation on the main thermal springs and wells from the Montecatini thermal system (MTS) is presented.The chemical and isotopic features of the Montecatini waters suggested that they are mainly controlled by water-rock interaction processes between meteoric water, permeating at depth from the surrounding reliefs (up to 800 m a.s.l.), and the Triassic evaporites (Burano Formation) belonging to the Tuscan sedimentary series. The local stratigraphic and tectonic framework favors an efficient recharge of the hydrothermal reservoir by the meteoric precipitation from a large catchment area and this aspect plays a fundamental role for the longevity of the Montecatini thermal spas, notwithstanding the huge amount of thermal water exploited. The C-TDIC values were lower than those expected for a mantle/thermometamorphic CO 2 source. This can be explained by: (i) isotopic fractionation occurring during calcite precipitation and/or (ii) mixing with biogenically derived gases, occurring at relatively shallow depth.

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Geochemistry of thermal springs of Tuscany (Italy)

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Na-carbonate waters of extreme composition: Possible origin and evolution.

Na-carbonate waters of extreme composition: Possible origin and evolution.

An automatic monitoring network installed in Tuscany (Italy) for studying possible geochemical precursory phenomena

A combined geochemical and isotopic study of the fluids discharged from the Montecatini thermal system (NW Tuscany, Italy)

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