Geodemographic Disparities in Availability of Comprehensive Intimate Partner Violence Screening Services in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Abstract

This study examined geodemographic factors associated with availability of comprehensive intimate partner violence (IPV) screening services in Miami-Dade County, Florida. We geocoded 2014 survey data from 278 health facilities and created a population-normalized density surface of IPV screening comprehensiveness. We used correlation analysis and spatial regression techniques to evaluate census tract-level predictors of the mean normalized comprehensiveness score (NCS) for 505 census tracts in Miami-Dade. The population-adjusted density surface of IPV screening comprehensiveness revealed geographic disparities in the availability of screening services. Using a spatial lag regression model, we observed that race and ethnicity are associated with mean NCS by census tract after controlling for age, median gross rent, and receipt of Social Security benefits. The percentage of White non-Hispanic residents was positively associated with NCS, Black non-Hispanic was negatively associated with NCS, while Hispanic-the majority ethnicity in Miami-Dade-was not associated with NCS. This exploratory study may be the first to put IPV screening comprehensiveness on the map, and provides a starting point for addressing urban disparities in the availability of IPV screening services that are shaped by race, ethnicity, zoning, and socioeconomic status.

“I Thought It Was Normal:” Perspectives of Black Nursing Students From High-Risk IPV Communities on Causes and Solutions to IPV in the Black Community

“…Many Black victims of IPV lack access to IPV services in their communities (Sabri et al, 2015). For example, Stoler et al (2020) explored geodemographic disparities in availability of comprehensive IPV screening services in Miami-Dade County. They found a positive relationship between the percentage of White non-Hispanic residents and comprehensive IPV screening and a negative association between neighborhoods with a high percentage of Black non-Hispanics and comprehensive IPV screenings.…”

Preventive care recommendations to promote health equity

“…206 Neighbourhoods across Florida with a higher percentage of Black non-Hispanic residents have lower availability of IPV screening services (β = -0.35, z = −1.90, p = 0.057), whereas neighbourhoods with a majority of White non-Hispanic residents have more comprehensive services available for IPV screening (β = 0.58, z = 2.22, p = 0.03). 207 Neighbourhoods with a higher percentage of older residents (β = −0.03, z = -2.89, p = 0.004) and those receiving social security benefits (β = 0.01, z = 2.24, p = 0.025) have a lower availability of IPV screening services. 207 A smaller proportion of rural than urban emergency departments across Oregon have official IPV screening policies (74% v. 100%, p = 0.01), standardized IPV screening instruments (21% v. 55%; p = 0.01), regular IPV training for clinicians (38% v. 70%, p = 0.02), and on-site violence advocacy (44% v. 95%, p < 0.001).…”

“…207 Neighbourhoods with a higher percentage of older residents (β = −0.03, z = -2.89, p = 0.004) and those receiving social security benefits (β = 0.01, z = 2.24, p = 0.025) have a lower availability of IPV screening services. 207 A smaller proportion of rural than urban emergency departments across Oregon have official IPV screening policies (74% v. 100%, p = 0.01), standardized IPV screening instruments (21% v. 55%; p = 0.01), regular IPV training for clinicians (38% v. 70%, p = 0.02), and on-site violence advocacy (44% v. 95%, p < 0.001). 208…”

Recommandations pour des soins préventifs pour promouvoir l’équité en matière de santé

“…En Floride, les quartiers où se trouve un pourcentage plus élevé de résidents noirs, d’origine non hispanique offrent moins de possibilités d’accès au dépistage de la violence conjugale (β = −0,35, z = −1,90, p = 0,057), tandis que les quartiers à majorité blanche, d’origine non hispanique disposent de services plus complets à cet égard (β = 0,58, z = 2,22, p = 0,03) 207 . Les quartiers comptant un pourcentage plus élevé de résidents âgés (β = −0,03, z = −2,89, p = 0,004) et de résidents bénéficiant de prestations de sécurité sociale (β = 0,01, z = 2,24, p = 0,025) offrent aussi moins de possibilités d’accès aux services de dépistage de la violence conjugale 207 .…”

“…En Floride, les quartiers où se trouve un pourcentage plus élevé de résidents noirs, d’origine non hispanique offrent moins de possibilités d’accès au dépistage de la violence conjugale (β = −0,35, z = −1,90, p = 0,057), tandis que les quartiers à majorité blanche, d’origine non hispanique disposent de services plus complets à cet égard (β = 0,58, z = 2,22, p = 0,03) 207 . Les quartiers comptant un pourcentage plus élevé de résidents âgés (β = −0,03, z = −2,89, p = 0,004) et de résidents bénéficiant de prestations de sécurité sociale (β = 0,01, z = 2,24, p = 0,025) offrent aussi moins de possibilités d’accès aux services de dépistage de la violence conjugale 207 . En Oregon, une proportion moindre de services d’urgence en région rurale qu’en région urbaine a en place des politiques officielles concernant le dépistage de la violence conjugale (74 % c. 100 %, p = 0,01), des outils de dépistage standardisés (21 % c. 55 %, p = 0,01), des formations régulières à l’intention des médecins (38 % c. 70 %, p = 0,02) et des services de lutte contre la violence (44 % c. 95 %, p < 0,001) 208 .…”