Geoelectrical methods for monitoring geological CO2 storage: First results from cross-hole and surface–downhole measurements from the CO2SINK test site at Ketzin (Germany)

Kiessling, D.; Schmidt‐Hattenberger, Cornelia; Schuett, H.; Schilling, Frank; Krueger, K.; Schoebel, Birgit; Danckwardt, E.; Kummerow, J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.05.001

Cited by 126 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Hence, geoelectrical measurements are applied together with laboratory investigations under simulated in situ conditions for calibration (Kiessling et al, 2010). The measurements are carried out using 15 circular electrodes distributed along the casing in each well as part of the smart casing installation together with fibre-optic cables.…”

Section: Monitoring Co 2 Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2SINK—From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification: One year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

Würdemann

Möller

Kühn

et al. 2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

150

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The CO 2 SINK pilot project at Ketzin is aimed at a better understanding of geological CO 2 storage operation in a saline aquifer. The reservoir consists of fluvial deposits with average permeability ranging between 50 and 100 mDarcy. The main focus of CO 2 SINK is developing and testing of monitoring and verification technologies. All wells, one for injection and two for observation, are equipped with smart casings (sensors behind casing, facing the rocks) containing a Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and electrodes for Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). The in-hole Gas Membrane Sensors (GMS) observed the arrival of tracers and CO 2 with high temporal resolution. Geophysical monitoring includes Moving Source Profiling (MSP), Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), crosshole, star and 4-D seismic experiments. Numerical models are benchmarked via the monitoring results indicating a sufficient match between observation and prediction, at least for the arrival of CO 2 at the first observation well. Downhole samples of brine showed changes in the fluid composition and biocenosis. First monitoring results indicate anisotropic flow of CO 2 coinciding with the -on-time‖ arrival of CO 2 at observation well one (Ktzi 200) and the later arrival at observation well two (Ktzi 202). A risk assessment was performed prior to the start of injection. After one year of operations about 18,000 t of CO 2 were injected safely.

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Section: Monitoring Co 2 Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2SINK—From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification: One year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

Würdemann

Möller

Kühn

et al. 2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

150

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“…More precise evaluation can be performed from numerical simulations of CO 2 injection where at least, permeability, capillary pressure and water relative permeability must be known. Furthermore, in the present context, resistivity data acquired are closely related to the new in situ monitoring technology (VERA system), which has been developed and tested in other research programs (Kiessling et al, 2010;Bergmann et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO₂Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site

Fleury

Gautier

Gland

et al. 2013

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Re´sume´-Caracte´risation pe´trophysique inte´gre´e pour le stockage de CO 2 : application au site de Ketzin -La simulation et le suivi d'un stockage de CO 2 requiert des donne´es pe´trophysiques spe´cifiques. Nous pre´sentons un ensemble d'expe´riences applicables a`tout stockage et a`toute couverture, fournissant des donne´es pour des simulations nume´riques re´alistes du potentiel de stockage et de l'injection. Ces expe´riences sont inte´gre´es avec les donne´es diagraphiques pour l'estimation de la porosite´, la saturation irre´ductible, la pression capillaire et la perme´abiliteŕ elative de l'eau en drainage, la saturation en gaz re´siduelle, les relations re´sistivite´-saturation et les proprie´te´s de transport de la couverture (perme´abilite´et diffusivite´). Le cas conside´re´est l'aquife`re salin du Trias dans le contexte du projet CO 2 SINK, le premier site expe´rimental de stockage en Allemagne situe´pre`s de Ketzin.Nous avons utilise´des me´thodes de mesure ne´cessitant des dure´es raisonnables tout en restant repre´sentatives des processus in situ. Pour le transport diphasique, nous avons utilise´la centrifugation. Pour la re´sistivite´, nous avons utilise´une me´thode rapide « Fast Resistivity Index Measurement » (FRIM) en drainage et imbibition, en condition ambiante et en condition de stockage. Pour la caracte´risation de la couverture, nous avons utilise´une technique rapide RMN (Re´sonance Magne´tique Nucle´aire) utilisant le deute´rium comme traceur pour la mesure de diffusion et une me´thode stationnaire innovante pour la mesure de perme´abilite´. La pression d'entre´e a e´galement e´te´e´value´e. Les diagraphies RMN et de re´sistivite´ont e´galement e´te´utilise´es pour estimer de manie`re continue la saturation irre´ductible et juger de la repre´sentativite´des e´chantillons analyse´s au laboratoire.Pour le site de Ketzin, la zone de stockage est un gre`s argileux d'origine fluviatile localement tre`s cimente´d'une porosite´d'environ 30 % et d'une perme´abilite´variant de 100 a`300 mD. Deux zones se distinguent par des saturations irre´ductibles variant de 15 a`35 %. La courbe de perme´abilite´relative a`l'eau pre´sente une forte pente et sugge`re qu'une saturation infe´rieure a5 0 % n'est pas atteignable en pratique. L'exposant de saturation de l'indice de re´sistivite´est de 1,7, plus faible que la valeur standard de 2. La couverture a une perme´abilite´de 27 nD, une porosite´de 15 % et une diffusivite´de 0,8 9 10 À9 m 2 /s. Abstract -Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO 2 Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site -Reservoir simulations and monitoring of CO 2 storage require specific petrophysical data. We show a workflow that can be applied to saline aquifers and caprocks in order to provide the minimum data set for realistic estimations of storage potential and perform pertinent simulations of CO 2 injection. The presented series of experiments are fully integrated with quantitative log data analysis to estimate porosity, irreducible saturation, drainage capillar...

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“…A three layer baseline model is interpreted from an induction log, performed under baseline conditions, as illustrated in Figure 10a. The dashed lines mark the averaged layer resistivities following the interpretations of Kiessling et al (2010). In addition to the baseline model (t 0 ), two consecutive timesteps t 1 and t 2 are considered.…”

Section: Tomographic Inversion Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Constructive optimization of electrode locations for target-focused resistivity monitoring

et al. 2015

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Crosshole resistivity tomography has received consideration as a tool for quantitative imaging of carbon dioxide stored in deep saline aquifers. With regard to the monitoring responsibility of site operators and the substantial expenses associated with permanent downhole installations, optimized experimental design gains particular importance. Based on an iterative appraisal of the formal model resolution matrix, we present a method to estimate optimum electrode locations along the borehole trajectories with the objective to maximize the imaging capability within a prescribed target horizon. For the presented crosshole case, these layouts are found to be symmetric, exhibiting refined electrode spacings within the target horizon. Our results demonstrate that a sparse, but well conceived set of electrodes can provide a large part of the information content offered by comparably dense electrode distributions. In addition, the optimized layout outperforms equidistant setups with the same number of electrodes since its resolution is focused on the monitoring target. The optimized electrode layouts presented provide a powerful and cost-efficient opportunity to complement permanent installations, particularly at, but not limited to, future CO 2 storage sites. Although preliminarily developed to support the design of crosshole resistivity layouts, our approach is directly applicable to other survey geometries including surface and surface-to-hole acquisitions.

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Geoelectrical methods for monitoring geological CO2 storage: First results from cross-hole and surface–downhole measurements from the CO2SINK test site at Ketzin (Germany)

Cited by 126 publications

References 27 publications

CO2SINK—From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification: One year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

CO2SINK—From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification: One year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO₂Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site

Constructive optimization of electrode locations for target-focused resistivity monitoring

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Geoelectrical methods for monitoring geological CO2 storage: First results from cross-hole and surface–downhole measurements from the CO2SINK test site at Ketzin (Germany)

Cited by 126 publications

References 27 publications

CO2SINK—From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification: One year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

CO2SINK—From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification: One year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO2Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site

Constructive optimization of electrode locations for target-focused resistivity monitoring

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Product

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Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO₂Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site