Geographical analysis of the Javan deer distribution in Indonesia and priorities for landscape conservation

Rahman, Dede Aulia; Condro, Aryo Adhi; Rianti, Puji; Masy’ud, Burhanuddin; Aulagnier, Stéphane; Semiadi, Gono

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125795

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We ascribe the comparatively high population density of rusa deer in our study area primarily to the absence of wild predators and the availability of plentiful food resources. The rusa deer population in its native habitat in Java and Bali was reported being ∼10,000 individuals (Hedge et al., 2015) within a total predicted suitable habitat of 132,129.5 km 2 (Rahman et al., 2020), representing a much lower density (ca. 0.08 individuals/km 2 ) than those estimated by us.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the introduced rusa deerCervus timorensisfor wildlife hunting in West Papua, Indonesia

Pangau-Adam

Flassy

Trei

et al. 2022

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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The rusa deer has been introduced to Merauke region and later to Vogelkop Peninsula in Indonesian New Guinea (West Papua) in 1928. It has widely dispersed across much of the West Papuan lowlands, but little is known on population size and its role for the livelihoods of rural communities. Here, our aim was to assess the population status of rusa deer, and to investigate the extent of hunting practices on this mammal in West Papua. We conducted camera trapping and line transect surveys simultaneously to estimate rusa deer population abundance in the Kwoor basin of the Tambrauw regency, Papua Barat province, Indonesia. We also interviewed hunters (n = 134), informants (n = 9) and households (n = 91) to assess hunting patterns and socioeconomic importance of rusa deer across 15 districts of the Tambrauw regency. We estimated rusa deer density within a 48‐km2 forested area at 10.34 (5.36–19.98) and 21.04 individuals/km2 using line transect and N‐mixture modelling approach using camera trapping data, respectively. Both density estimates are considerably higher than those from its native range in Java and Bali (0.08 individual/km2). Almost 92% of hunters reported that they hunted rusa deer in their traditional forests, being the most frequent amongst the 18 hunted species, particularly for commercial (62%) and subsistence (38%) purposes. Our results suggest that traditional hunting has become a significant livelihood activity and important income source in the study area. It is therefore imperative to identify potential management strategies on wildlife hunting while also considering that the high densities of introduced rusa deer may potentially exert adverse effects on native flora and fauna. This study further suggests that traditional knowledge (locally called ‘sasi’ system) and wildlife taboos still govern wildlife hunting and utilization of forest resources in West Papua, and these need to play a role in integrated community‐based wildlife management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the introduced rusa deerCervus timorensisfor wildlife hunting in West Papua, Indonesia

Pangau-Adam

Flassy

Trei

et al. 2022

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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“…We compiled the protected areas data within the study area from The World Database of Protected Areas (WPDA) by the United Nation Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP WCMC; [ 83 ]). We used the terrestrial protected areas as the primate’s habitat, either national parks, nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, hunting parks, nature recreational parks, or pristine reserves [ 84 ]. Protected areas identified as having high conservation priority for primate corresponded to areas with susceptible to the species contraction due to climate change [ 85 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Hotspots and Prioritizing Protected Areas for Endangered Primate Species in Indonesia under Changing Climate

Condro

Prasetyo

Rushayati

et al. 2021

Biology

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Indonesia has a large number of primate diversity where a majority of the species are threatened. In addition, climate change is conservation issues that biodiversity may likely face in the future, particularly among primates. Thus, species-distribution modeling was useful for conservation planning. Herein, we present protected areas (PA) recommendations with high nature-conservation importance based on species-richness changes. We performed maximum entropy (Maxent) to retrieve species distribution of 51 primate species across Indonesia. We calculated species-richness change and range shifts to determine the priority of PA for primates under mitigation and worst-case scenarios by 2050. The results suggest that the models have an excellent performance based on seven different metrics. Current primate distributions occupied 65% of terrestrial landscape. However, our results indicate that 30 species of primates in Indonesia are likely to be extinct by 2050. Future primate species richness would be also expected to decline with the alpha diversity ranging from one to four species per 1 km2. Based on our results, we recommend 54 and 27 PA in Indonesia to be considered as the habitat-restoration priority and refugia, respectively. We conclude that species-distribution modeling approach along with the categorical species richness is effectively applicable for assessing primate biodiversity patterns.

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“…Javan deer have significant roles in ecology, economics, and socio-cultural, specifically since the species domesticated for commercial meat and antlers managed to be a game -hunting animal and being invasive feral populations outside Indonesia (Hedges et al 2015;Ali et al 2021). However, Javan deer deal with extermination in many highly human-populated areas, including poaching, habitat loss, livestock competition, predator threats, diseases, and natural disasters (Rahman et al 2020). In Pangandaran Nature Reserve (hereafter 'PNR'), Javan deer roam outside the conservation area, foraging on trashes, destructing public infrastructures, polluting the Pangandaran Beach tourist destination, disturbing local people's activities, and blocking transportation access that harms the deer themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Strategy to Improve the Conservation of Javan Deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

Firdaus

Irwanto²,

Sumarga³

2023

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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The habitat of Javan deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve (PNR) faced natural changes, particularly due to the succession process of vegetation community in grazing areas, and inadequate infrastructures that affected the deer to roam outside PNR. This study aimed to formulate strategies for the conservation of Javan deer in PNR, focusing on ecological aspects and conservation management. The methods were encountering Javan deer individuals; scan sampling and continuous recording to observe the behaviour of Javan deer; calculating the productivity of grazing area by defoliation experiment and vegetation analysis; reviewing documents, reports and interviews; and analysing strategy using SWOT-QSPM. Results showed there were 43 Javan deer encountered roaming in PNR and outside the conservation area, and nine individuals gathered in Cikamal grassland. The productivity of the grazing areas (5.61 ha) was 93,826 kg of feed annually and was only sufficient for 23 individuals. The grazing areas were dominated by Cynodon dactylon. Javan deer spent their time feeding. Javan deer herd in Cikamal is more intolerant to humans compared to the herd in Pangandaran Nature Tourist Park (PNTP). This study recommends: considering the management status of Javan deer in the conservation management of PNR and PNTP; improving the conservation management of Javan deer and its habitat; improving facilities and the management system of those facilities and conservation-supporting infrastructures; collaboration with researchers to perform some research and innovations for Javan deer conservation; improving the capability of PNR staff theoretically and practically; and educating and empowering the local people in terms of Javan deer conservation.

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Geographical analysis of the Javan deer distribution in Indonesia and priorities for landscape conservation

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

The role of the introduced rusa deerCervus timorensisfor wildlife hunting in West Papua, Indonesia

The role of the introduced rusa deerCervus timorensisfor wildlife hunting in West Papua, Indonesia

Predicting Hotspots and Prioritizing Protected Areas for Endangered Primate Species in Indonesia under Changing Climate

Alternative Strategy to Improve the Conservation of Javan Deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

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